Foreword xii
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Companion Website xiv
Part I What Is Speech? 1
1 Introducing Phonetics: The Science of Speech 3
1.1 speech, language, and communication 4
1.2 the sound structure of speech 8
1.3 phonetics as a field of study 9
2 The Human Vocal Tract 14
2.1 the vocal apparatus 14
2.2 making speech 15
for further reading 24
3 Sound, Spelling, and Phonetic Transcription 25
3.1 why do speech specialists need a phonetic alphabet? 25
3.2 phonetic transcription 28
for further reading 31
4 The Sounds of Language 32
4.1 consonants 32
4.2 vowels 36
4.3 speech sounds in other languages 39
for further reading 41
5 Beyond Segments 42
5.1 syllables 42
5.2 stress 43
5.3 rhythm 46
5.4 intonation 48
for further reading 50
Part II Speech as a Human Phenomenon 51
6 The Origins of Speech 53
6.1 our place in evolution 53
6.2 how special is speech? 58
for further reading 61
7 Speech Across the Lifespan 62
7.1 anatomical development from infancy to the teens 62
7.2 the development of speech perception 65
7.3 childhood speech production 69
7.4 speech in adulthood 73
7.5 aging 75
for further reading 77
8 When Things Go Wrong: Disorders of Speech 78
8.1 cleft lip and cleft palate 78
8.2 stuttering 80
8.3 laryngectomy 81
8.4 aphasias 84
8.5 some additional disorders 85
8.6 the role of speech-language pathologists 85
8.7 transcribing disordered speech 86
for further reading 87
Part III Applying Phonetics 89
9 Machines that Talk 91
9.1 the history of speech synthesis 91
9.2 the nature of synthetic speech 99
9.3 the secret life of text?to?speech systems 101
9.4 how good is your speech synthesizer? 107
9.5 the future of synthetic speech 109
for further reading 110
10 Forensic Speech Science 111
10.1 earwitness identification 111
10.2 expert speaker identification: whose speech is on that threatening voicemail? 119
10.3 speaker profiling: what does the sound of a voice tell us about its owner? 126
10.4 disputed utterance analysis: was that really a confession? 128
10.5 other applications 131
10.6 some closing thoughts 131
for further reading 132
11 Pronunciation Teaching 133
11.1 second?language learning and accented speech 135
11.2 the nature of L2 accents 136
11.3 analyzing L2 speech 138
11.4 L2 accents and communication 141
11.5 pronunciation in second?language instruction 143
for further reading 151
12 Phonetics for Stage, Screen, and Concert Hall 152
12.1 accents for actors 152
12.2 some applications in vocal music 161
for further reading 167
13 More Applications in Arts and Entertainment 168
13.1 speech and animation 168
13.2 invisible speech: the paradox of ventriloquism 172
13.3 the sounds of constructed languages 173
for further reading 176
14 Phonetics in the Business World (and Beyond) 177
14.1 automatic speech recognition 177
14.2 the surprising story of the vocoder 180
14.3 speech in branding and marketing 182
for further reading 187
15 Ethical Issues 188
15.1 talking about speech 188
15.2 speech science versus speech science fiction 190
15.3 other ethical concerns 192
for further reading 195
Epilogue 196
Appendix 197
Glossary 199
List of Sources 207
Index 217
