Intro -- Preface -- Overview -- Objectives -- Organization -- Target Audiences -- Acknowledgements -- Other Springer Books by Zaigham Mahmood -- Data Science and Big Data Computing: Frameworks and Methodologies -- Connected Environments for the IoT: Challenges and Solutions -- Connectivity Frameworks for Smart Devices: The Internet of Things from a Distributed Computing Perspective -- Smart Cities: Development and Governance Frameworks -- Software Engineering Frameworks for the Cloud Computing Paradigm -- Cloud Computing: Methods and Practical Approaches -- Cloud Computing: Challenges, Limitations and R&D Solutions -- Continued Rise of the Cloud: Advances and Trends in Cloud Computing -- Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures -- Software Project Management for Distributed Computing: Life-Cycle Methods for Developing Scalable and Reliable Tools -- Requirements Engineering for Service and Cloud Computing -- User Centric E-government: Challenges and Opportunities -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- About the Editor -- Concepts and Principles -- 1 Fog Computing: Concepts, Principles and Related Paradigms -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Fog Computing -- 1.2.1 Fog Computing Issues -- 1.2.1.1 Security and Privacy -- 1.2.1.2 Fog Network Topology and Location Awareness of Nodes -- 1.2.1.3 Resource Management -- 1.2.1.4 Interoperability -- 1.2.1.5 Other Issues -- 1.3 Cloud Paradigm Versus Fog Computing -- 1.3.1 Cloud Computing -- 1.3.2 Cloud Versus Fog Computing Comparison -- 1.4 Fog Computing Versus Edge Computing -- 1.5 Fog Computing Reference Architecture -- 1.6 Fog Computing Application Scenarios -- 1.7 Future of Fog Computing -- 1.8 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Fog Computing in the IoT Environment: Principles, Features, and Models -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Literature Review—Analysis -- 2.2.1 Methodology -- 2.2.2 Literature Analysis Using Web of Science -- 2.2.3 Patent Analysis Using Relecura Software -- 2.3 Principles -- 2.3.1 Characteristics -- 2.3.2 Concepts -- 2.4 Models/Architectures -- 2.4.1 A Generic Fog Computing Architecture -- 2.4.2 Fog Computing Environmental Model -- 2.4.3 A Fog Computing Architecture by Joud Khattab [21] -- 2.4.4 Fog Computing Tree Model -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Dichotomy of Fog Computing in the Realm of Cloud Computing: Exploring the Emerging Dimensions -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Key Tenets of Cloud Computing -- 3.3 Cloud Versus Fog Computing -- 3.4 Promise of Cloud and Fog Computing -- 3.5 Platform Design in Cloud and Fog Computing -- 3.6 Issues in Cloud and Fog Computing -- 3.7 Legal Dimensions of Cloud and Fog Computing -- 3.8 Realisation of Cloud and Fog Computing in Africa -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Fog Computing in a Developing World Context: Jumping on the Bandwagon -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fog Computing -- 4.3 Characteristics of Fog Computing -- 4.3.1 Improved Quality of Service -- 4.3.2 Reduction in Latency -- 4.3.3 Support for Mobil.
ity -- 4.3.4 Enhanced Heterogeneity -- 4.4 Factors Affecting the Adoption of Fog Computing -- 4.4.1 Security of the Environment -- 4.4.2 Connectivity with Respect to Access to Data -- 4.4.3 Governance and Support -- 4.5 Technology Adoption Theories -- 4.6 Fog Computing Measurement Constructs -- 4.6.1 Organisational Factors -- 4.6.1.1 Top Management Support -- 4.6.1.2 Skills and Training -- 4.6.2 Technological Factors -- 4.6.2.1 Reduced Complexity and Ease of Use -- 4.6.2.2 Infrastructure, Connectivity and Availability -- 4.6.2.3 Security and Privacy -- 4.6.3 Environmental Factors -- 4.6.3.1 Government Legislation and Policies -- 4.6.3.2 Competitive Pressures -- 4.6.3.3 Location -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Frameworks and Technologies -- 5 Analyzing IoT, Fog and Cloud Environments Using Real Sensor Data -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Related Works -- 5.3 Analyzing Sensor Data Formats in the Context of Smart Cities -- 5.3.1 Sensor Data in the SmartME Project -- 5.3.2 Sensor Data in the CityPulse Project -- 5.3.3 Sensor Data in the Smart City of Surrey in Canada -- 5.4 Filtered Datasets for Experimenting with IoT–Fog–Cloud Environments -- 5.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Performance Enhancement of Fog Computing Using SDN and NFV Technologies -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Paradigm of Fog/Edge Computing -- 6.3 Defining Fog Computing -- 6.4 What Are Fog Nodes? -- 6.5 Connectivity Technologies -- 6.6 Structure and Behaviour of Fog Computing -- 6.7 Analytic and Performance Parameters for Fog/Edge Nodes -- 6.8 Performance Enhancement Techniques -- 6.8.1 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) -- 6.8.2 Software Defining -- 6.8.3 Hierarchical Models -- 6.9 Fog Computing Use Cases -- 6.10 Summary -- References -- 7 Mechanisms Towards Enhanced Quality of Experience (QoE) in Fog Computing Environments -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Key Characteristics of Fog Computing -- 7.3 Fog Computing Applications -- 7.3.1 Smart Grids -- 7.3.2 Smart Traffic Lights -- 7.3.3 Self-maintaining Trains -- 7.3.4 Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) -- 7.3.5 Decentralized Smart Building Control -- 7.3.6 IoT and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) -- 7.3.7 Software-Defined Networks (SDN) -- 7.3.8 Demystifying the Fog Computing Paradigm -- 7.4 Challenges of Fog Environments -- 7.4.1 Need for Quality of Experience (QoE) -- 7.5 5G Technologies and the Fog Architecture -- 7.5.1 Fog Radio Access Network (FRAN) -- 7.5.2 FRAN Architecture -- 7.5.3 Handover Administration in FRAN -- 7.5.4 Caching in Edge Devices -- 7.6 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) -- 7.7 Challenges of Fog Computing -- 7.8 Future of Fog Computing -- 7.9 Fog Data Analytics and Use Cases -- 7.9.1 IoT Sensor Data Monitoring and Analysis -- 7.9.2 Retail Customer Behaviour Analysis -- 7.9.3 Mobile Data Thinning -- 7.9.4 Compliance Analysis at Financial Branch Locations -- 7.9.5 Remote Monitoring and Analysis of Oil and Gas Ope.
rations -- 7.10 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Specifying Software Services for Fog Computing Architectures Using Recursive Model Transformations -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Background -- 8.2.1 Review of Fog Computing Architectures and Modeling -- 8.2.2 Cloud- and Fog-Related Imperatives of UH4SP -- 8.3 Overview of Service Specification Approach -- 8.4 From Software System Logical Architecture Design to Services’ Identification -- 8.4.1 Designing the Software System Logical Architectural View -- 8.4.2 Defining Cloud/Fog Applications and IoT Layers Within the Architecture -- 8.5 Software Microservice Design for Fog Computing Architectures -- 8.5.1 Specifying Services for the Fog Environment Using 4SRS -- 8.5.2 Representation Using SoaML Diagrams -- 8.6 UH4SP Fog Scenarios and System Overview -- 8.6.1 Remote Check-In -- 8.6.2 Remote Plant Business Analysis -- 8.6.3 Remote Equipment Monitoring -- 8.6.4 Discussion on the Overall System -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 A Data Utility Model for Data-Intensive Applications in Fog Computing Environments -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Related Work -- 9.3 Running Example -- 9.4 A Model for Data-Intensive Applications in Fog Environment -- 9.4.1 Resources -- 9.4.2 Data Source -- 9.4.3 Tasks -- 9.5 Data Utility in Fog Computing Environments -- 9.5.1 Usage Context -- 9.5.2 Data Utility -- 9.6 Data Life cycle -- 9.7 Using the Data Utility Model -- 9.8 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Advanced Topics and Future Directions -- 10 Context-Aware Intelligent Systems for Fog Computing Environments for Cyber-Threat Intelligence -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Paradigms -- 10.3 Cyber-Threat Intelligence (CTI) -- 10.3.1 Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) -- 10.3.2 Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT) -- 10.3.3 Technical Intelligence (TECHINT) -- 10.3.4 Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) -- 10.3.5 Human Intelligence (HUMINT) -- 10.4 Using Fog/Edge Computing for Context-Aware Intelligence -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 11 SEF-SCC: Software Engineering Framework for Service and Cloud Computing -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Service and Cloud Computing Paradigms -- 11.2.1 SE for Cloud Computing Versus Cloud SE -- 11.3 Software Engineering Framework for Service and Cloud Computing (SEF-SCC) -- 11.3.1 SEF-SCC Process: Business Process-Driven Service Development Lifecycle (BPD-SDL) -- 11.3.2 SEF-SCC Design: Service Component-Based Design Method with SoaML and SOA-Based Reference Architecture -- 11.3.3 SEF-SCC SOA-Based Reference Architecture -- 11.3.4 Autonomic CASE Tool for Service Computing -- 11.4 SEF-SCC Framework Evaluation Case Study on BEPET and SEF-SCC Applications -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Data and Computation Movement in Fog Environments: The DITAS Approach -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Data-Intensive Applications in Fog Computing -- 12.2.1 Data Provisioning -- 12.2.
