Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Preliminaries on language -- 1.1 The word “language” -- 1.2 Language change -- 1.3 Language and isolation -- 1.4 Borrowing -- 1.5 Social languages -- 1.6 Linguists’ grammar, prescriptive grammars, and Standard English -- Chapter 2: System and situation -- 2.1 Grammar -- 2.2 Discourse and pragmatics -- 2.3 Grammar and perspectives -- 2.4 Grammatical patterns and perspectives -- 2.5 Category errors -- 2.6 More perspectival grammatical patterns -- 2.7 Grammatical patterns, perspectives, and metaphors -- 2.8 Core meanings and situational meanings -- 2.9 Sausage -- 2.10 Semantics and discourse -- 2.11 How core meaning is represented in the head -- Chapter 3: Clauses and sentences -- 3.1 Types of clauses -- 3.2 Hidden clauses -- 3.3 A clause-worth of information -- 3.4 Lexical density -- 3.5 Principles -- Chapter 4: Choice and discourse analysis -- 4.1 Idea units and intonation -- 4.2 Choices -- 4.3 Choices: Topic-comment -- 4.4 Choices: Agents -- 4.5 Choices: Asserted-assumed -- 4.6 How we make and interpret choices -- 4.7 Strangers -- Chapter 5: Identities and discourses -- 5.1 Identities: Activity-based identities -- 5.2 Identities: Relational identities -- 5.3 Discourses -- 5.4 Discourses coming into and going out of existence -- 5.5 Vernacular social languages -- 5.6 Language and class -- 5.7 Academic specialist social languages -- 5.8 Non-academic specialist languages -- 5.9 Authorship -- Chapter 6: Connections and discourse organization -- 6.1 Connections -- 6.2 Speech sentences -- 6.3 Cohesion -- 6.4 Transcription -- 6.5 Analyzing an argument: Intonation units -- 6.6 Analyzing an argument: Cohesion -- 6.7 Analyzing an argument: Discourse organization -- 6.8 Analyzing an argument: Contextualization -- 6.9 Analyzing an argument: Thematic organization and contrasts -- 6.10 The public work of understanding -- 6.11 Conversation -- Chapter 7: Narrative -- 7.1 The importance of narrative -- 7.2 Connections and motifs -- 7.3 Sandra’s perspective -- 7.4 Sandra’s narrative -- Chapter 8: Tools -- 8.1 Reverse engineering -- 8.2 Grammar, social languages, choices, and perspectives -- 8.3 Recipient design -- 8.4 Situational meanings -- 8.5 Actions and activities -- 8.6 Perspective design -- 8.7 Significance -- 8.8 Social relations -- 8.9 Politics -- 8.10 Identities and discourses -- Chapter 9: Perspectives, frameworks, and conversations -- 9.1 Context -- 9.2 The frame problem -- 9.3 Perspectives -- 9.4 Frameworks -- 9.5 Reflective discussions -- 9.6 Testing whole frameworks -- 9.7 Evidence, interpretation, and reflective discussions -- 9.8 Clashing frameworks in action -- 9.9 Big “C” Conversations -- 9.10 The end -- Index -- .
