Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedications -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Preface to the second edition -- Why mapping? -- How is the book organized? -- Who are the authors? -- Who is this book for? -- How can the book be used? -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Why do we use different languages? -- 1.2 Ten ways we’re led astray in language and applied linguistics -- 1.3 Applied linguistics -- 1.4 Bottom-up applied linguistics -- Activities -- Further reading -- Part A Language in Everyday Use -- Chapter 2 Language variation -- 2.1 Language variation and social judgement -- 2.2 Kinds of variation -- 2.3 Standardization and ‘unstandardized’ varieties -- 2.4 Non-native varieties and Global Englishes -- 2.5 Linguistic insecurity and language loss -- 2.6 Context and language practices -- 2.7 Casting ahead -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 3 Key populations -- 3.1 Issues in the naming of populations -- 3.2 Issues in the categorizing of populations -- 3.3 Populations characterized by the language(s) used -- 3.4 Populations characterized by issues of access to language -- 3.5 Populations characterized by the social role of language -- 3.6 Populations characterized by their professional or academic interest in language -- 3.7 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 4 Discourse analysis -- 4.1 The pervasive relevance of discourse (analysis) -- 4.2 Linguistic approaches to discourse analysis -- 4.3 Social approaches to discourse analysis -- 4.4 Themes in contemporary discourse analysis -- 4.5 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 5 Language policy and planning -- 5.1 Language decisions -- 5.2 Corpus, status and acquisition planning -- 5.3 Keeping languages alive -- 5.4 Planning for access to services -- 5.5 Language policy and planning in globalizing times -- 5.6 Linguistic landscape -- 5.7 Language planning as conflict resolution -- 5.8 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Part B Language, Learning and Education -- Chapter 6 Literacy -- 6.1 The expanding scope of literacy -- 6.2 Writing systems and culture -- 6.3 Literacy and individuals -- 6.4 Child and adult literacies -- 6.5 Academic achievement and the measurement of literacy -- 6.6 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 7 Language and education -- 7.1 The language of home, community and school -- 7.2 Language as a medium in school -- 7.3 Language as an object in school -- 7.4 Educating linguistic minorities and learners with special needs -- 7.5 Language, testing and assessment -- 7.6 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 8 Bilingual and multilingual education -- 8.1 Definitions and purposes -- 8.2 Language-based frames -- 8.3 Content-based frames -- 8.4 Context-based frames -- 8.5 Integrating the frameworks -- 8.6 Characteristics of effective programmes -- 8.7 Modality, mobility and mixing -- 8.8 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 9 Additional language education -- 9.1 Contexts of additional language education -- 9.2 The problem of method -- 9.3 Individual learner differences -- 9.4 Assessing additional languages -- 9.5 Economic, cultural and political aspects of additional language education -- 9.6 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Part C Language and Specialized Uses -- Chapter 10 Translation -- 10.1 Contexts of translation -- 10.2 Translatability and translation equivalence -- 10.3 The translation process -- 10.4 What do translators need to know? -- 10.5 Types of translation -- 10.6 Interpreting and audiovisual translation -- 10.7 Technology in translation -- 10.8 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 11 Lexicography -- 11.1 Words in the mind and in society -- 11.2 Authority or record? -- 11.3 Uses and types of dictionaries -- 11.4 Dictionary compilation -- 11.5 Dictionaries as tools for learning -- 11.6 Technological developments -- 11.7 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 12 Forensic linguistics -- 12.1 Language as legal medium and matter -- 12.2 The language of the law -- 12.3 Language and criminal investigation -- 12.4 Language as the subject matter of law -- 12.5 Discourse and different languages in the courtroom -- 12.6 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 13 Language pathology -- 13.1 Biological and social foundations of language -- 13.2 Types of language pathology -- 13.3 Assessment -- 13.4 Treatment -- 13.5 Roles for applied linguists -- Activities -- Further reading -- Chapter 14 Conclusion: prospects and perspectives -- 14.1 The impact of new technologies -- 14.2 The dissolution of borders -- 14.3 The exercise of the profession -- 14.4 Key predictions -- 14.5 Final thoughts -- Activities -- Glossary -- References -- General index -- Index of languages -- Index of places -- .
