Detail View

E-Book(소장)

Ashton, Michael Craig, 1970-.

Individual differences and personality [electronic resource] / Michael C. Ashton.

2nd ed.

Amsterdam ;   Boston :   Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier,   2013.  

1 online resource (xxiv, 391 p.) : ill.

9780123914705 (electronic bk.) 0123914701 (electronic bk.)

How do we come to be who we are? Why do we differ in our personalities? How do these differences matter in life? This textbook on Individual Differences and Personality aims to describe how and why personality varies between one person and the next. Unlike books that focus on individual theorists, this book focuses on current research and theory on the nature of personality and related individual differences. The book begins by discussing how personality is measured, the concept of a personality trait, and the basic dimensions of personality. This leads to a discussion of the origins of personality, with descriptions of its developmental course, its biological causes, its genetic and environmental influences, and its evolutionary function. The concept of a personality disorder is then described, followed by a discussion of the influence of personality on life outcomes in relationships, work, and health. Finally, the book examines in detail the important differences between individuals in the realms of mental abilities, of beliefs and attitudes, and of sexuality. Intended for courses in personality and individual differences, this book may also serve as a useful overview of personality research for academics in related fields. Singly authored for consistency of breadth, depth, and presentation, Individual Differences and Personality will engage students with its interesting boxed asides. Sample boxes describe a wide variety of topics, including such issues as cross-generational differences, personality in animals, personality and occupational choice, the role of the womb environment, and many others. In addition to covering the Big Five and HEXACO models of personality structure, the book also includes topics often left out of other personality books, including individual differences in mental abilities, religion, politics, and sexuality. There is also deep coverage of the biological bases of personality, including discussions of neurotransmitters, brain structures, and hormones. The explanation of genetic and environmental influences is made clear and straightforward, and the discussion of evolutionary function is unique among personality texts. Table of Contents: Introduction; Basic Concepts in Psychological Measurement; Personality Traits and the Inventories That Measure Them; Personality Structure: Classifying Traits; Developmental Change and Stability of Personality; Biological Bases of Personality; Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality; The Evolutionary Function of Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality and Life Outcomes; Mental Ability; Religion and Politics; Sexuality; Conclusion. Integrates research findings with real life outcomes explaining why personality leads to successes or failures in life Discusses healthy personalities as well as personality disorders New chapter on vocational interests and personality 35% revised Well reviewed in its first edition Unique coverage of the evolutionary basis for personality Strong coverage of biology, genetics, neuroscience of personalityTestbank for professors.

Title from e-Book title page.  
Previous edition: 2007.  

Note continued: 10.4.2.Nerve conduction velocity -- 10.4.3.Reaction time -- 10.4.4.Inspection time -- 10.4.5.Brain waves: averaged evoked potentials -- 10.4.6.Brain glucose metabolism -- 10.5.Genetic and Environmental Influences on Mental Ability -- 10.5.1.Genetic influences -- 10.5.2.Womb environment influences -- 10.5.3.Nutrition -- 10.5.4.Birth order -- 10.6.Evolutionary Function of Mental Ability -- 10.7.Mental Ability and Life Outcomes -- 10.7.1.Academic achievement and performance -- 10.7.2.Job performance, occupational status, and income -- 10.7.3.Longevity and health -- 10.7.4.Law-abidingness versus criminality -- 10.7.5.Marriage: assortative mating -- 10.8.Not All g-Loaded Tasks are the Same -- 10.8.1.Novel versus familiar tasks: fluid and crystallized intelligence -- 10.8.2.Generational changes in mental abilities: the Flynn effect -- 10.8.3.The Flynn effect: are people really getting smarter? -- 10.8.4.Reasoning with numbers and shapes versus understanding verbal concepts: different relations with personality -- 10.9.Alternative Ideas About Mental Abilities -- 10.9.1.Gardner's "Theory of Multiple Intelligences" -- 10.9.2.Sternberg's "Triarchic Theory of Intelligence" -- 10.9.3.Emotional Intelligence -- 10.10.Summary and Conclusions -- 11.Vocational Interests -- 11.1.How Vocational Interests are Measured -- 11.2.Score Reports from Vocational Interest Surveys -- 11.3.Constructing Vocational Interest Scales: Empirical and Rational Strategies -- 11.4.Major Dimensions of Vocational Interests -- 11.5.Vocational Interests and Personality -- 11.6.Vocational Interests and Mental Abilities -- 11.7.Validity of Vocational Interest Surveys -- 11.7.1.Relations with job satisfaction and (lack of) turnover -- 11.7.2.Relations with job performance -- 11.8.Origins of Vocational Interests: Developmental Change and Stability, Genetic and Environmental Influences, Biological Bases, and Evolution -- 11.8.1.Stability of vocational interests -- 11.8.2.Genetic and environmental influences on vocational interests -- 11.8.3.Evolutionary function of vocational interests -- 11.9.Summary and Conclusions -- 12.Religion and Politics -- 12.1.Religion -- 12.1.1.Is religiosity a personality characteristic? -- 12.1.2.Religiosity and the major dimensions of personality -- 12.1.3.Developmental change and stability in religiosity -- 12.1.4.Religiosity and paranormal beliefs -- 12.1.5.Religiosity and life outcomes -- 12.2.Politics -- 12.2.1.Right-Wing Authoritarianism -- 12.2.2.Social Dominance Orientation -- 12.2.3.Relations between Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation -- 12.2.4.Social values -- 12.2.5.Attitudes, values, and personality -- 12.2.6.Developmental change and stability in political attitudes -- 12.3.Origins of Religious Beliefs and Political Attitudes: Biological Bases, Genetic and Environmental Influences, and Evolutionary Function -- 12.3.1.Biological bases -- 12.3.2.Genetic and environmental influences -- 12.3.3.Evolutionary function -- 12.4.Summary and Conclusions -- 13.Sexuality -- 13.1.Major Dimensions of Sexuality -- 13.2.Sexuality and Personality -- 13.2.1.Sexual Arousal and personality -- 13.2.2.Sexual Commitment and personality -- 13.2.3.Sexual Orientation and personality -- 13.3.Origins of Variation in Sexuality: Developmental Stability and Change, Genetic and Environmental Influences, Biological Bases, and Evolution -- 13.4.Sexual Arousal -- 13.4.1.Genetic and environmental influences -- 13.4.2.Biological bases -- 13.4.3.Evolutionary function -- 13.5.Sexual Commitment (or Restricted versus Unrestricted Sociosexuality) -- 13.5.1.Genetic and environmental influences -- 13.5.2.Biological bases -- 13.5.3.Evolutionary function -- 13.6.Sexual Orientation -- 13.6.1.Genetic and environmental influences and biological bases -- 13.6.1.1.Estimating the heritability of sexual orientation -- 13.6.1.2.Development of sexual orientation? "Exotic becomes erotic" -- 13.6.1.3.Development of sexual orientation? Number of older brothers -- 13.6.2.Evolutionary function -- 13.7.Summary and Conclusions -- Conclusions -- What We Have Learned So Far -- What We Have Yet to Learn.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 359-379) and index.

Issued also as a book.  

Personality. Individual differences.

ScienceDirect   URL