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Front Cover; Diet-Microbe Interactions in the Gut; Copyright Page; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgements; List of Contributors; 1 The Microbiota of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: A Molecular View; Introduction; Gut Microbiota Metabolism in Health and Disease; Methodologies for Studying the Human Gut Microbiota; Measuring Species Richness and Variability; Estimating Microbial Relative Abundance within the Gut Microbiota using Culture-Independent Methods; Measuring Microbial Activity; Spatial Distribution of the Gut Microbiota and Interactions with Diet; The Stomach
The Small Intestine (Jejunum and Ileum)The Colon (Large Intestine); Models to Study Microbial Ecology; Conclusions; References; 2 A Nutritional Anthropology of the Human Gut Microbiota; Human Diet or Microbiota, Which Came First?; Metagenomics and Cultivation-Independent Assessment of Human Gut Microbiota; Microbiome and Human Nutritional Phenotype; The Gut Microbiota in Human Evolution; Population Metagenomic Variation within the Human Microbiota; Populations can be Separated by Characteristic Differences in the Gut Microbiota; The Western Diet Metagenome is Obesity Prone; Conclusions
References3 Probiotic Microorganisms for Shaping the Human Gut Microbiota - Mechanisms and Efficacy into the Future; Introduction; Let''s Start With the Definition of Probiotics; Shaping the Microbiota; The Neonatal Period; Adult Life and the Proposed Enterotype Classification; The Aged Period; Mechanisms and Efficacy; Efficacy in Healthy People; Conclusions; References; 4 Bifidobacteria of the Human Gut: Our Special Friends; Taxonomy of Bifidobacteria; Bifidobacterial Ecology; Bifidobacterial Populations in the Human Gut; Bifidobacteria as Probiotics; Bifidobacterial Genomics
Comparative Genomics and BifidobacteriaInteraction Between Bifidobacteria and Their Hosts; Exopolysaccharides (EPS); Pilus-Like Structure; Serine Protease Inhibitor; Bacteriocins; Conclusions; References; 5 Shaping the Human Microbiome with Prebiotic Foods - Current Perspectives for Continued Development; Introduction; Linking Microbiome Structure and Function; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Testing Prebiotics; Conclusion; References; 6 Bioactivation of High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenols by the Gut Microbiome; Introduction; Proanthocyanidins; Structures and Nomenclature
Distribution in the Plant Kingdom: From Ecological Role to Behavior during Gastrointestinal TransitVariability and Proanthocyanidin Determination in Foods; Dietary Sources, Intake and Health Benefits; Fate of Proanthocyanidins through the Digestive Tract; In Vitro Biotransformation; In Vivo Biotransformation; Hydrolyzable Tannins (Gallotannins and Ellagitannins); Chemistry of Hydrolyzable Tannins (Gallotannins and Ellagitannins); Occurrence and Dietary Sources; Metabolism of Hydrolyzable Tannins in Humans; Protective Effects of Hydrolyzable Tannins Intake in Human Subjects; Conclusions
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