CONTENTS
List of Figures = x
List of Tables = xii
Preface and Acknowledgments = xv
1 Who Speaks for the Poor? = 1
1.1 Electoral Geography and Democratic Representation = 4
1.2 Why Focus on Low-Income Citizens? = 8
1.3 Identifying Low-Income Peoples'''' Parties = 10
1.4 Evaluating the Importance of Electoral Geography to Strategic Entry Decisions (Overview of the Research Strategy) = 13
1.5 Contributions = 14
2 How Electoral Geography Matters = 16
2.1 Origins of Electoral Opportunities = 19
2.2 General Implications for New Party Formation = 26
2.3 Implications for the Political Representation of the Poor = 27
2.4 Summary and Conclusions = 29
3 New Parties and the Changing Electoral Geography of Contemporary Democracies, 1880-2000 = 30
3.1 Local Population Change and Opportunities for Party Entry = 31
3.2 Measuring Local Population Change = 32
3.3 When Do New Parties Form? = 37
3.4 Implications = 46
3.A Appendix : Supporting Materials = 47
4 The Populists and "Third-Party Men" in America = 50
4.1 The American Political Economy, 1880-1900 = 51
4.2 Mapping Early Electoral Geographies of Income = 54
4.3 The Formation of the People''''s Party = 66
4.4 Changing Electoral Geography and New Electoral Opportunities = 70
4.5 Summary and Conclusions = 72
4.A Appendix : Supporting Materials = 76
5 Strategic Entry of the CCF and Social Credit in Canada = 79
5.1 The Canadian Political Economy in the Early 1930s = 80
5.2 Mapping the Electoral Geography of Income in Canada, 1921-1931 = 83
5.3 New Electoral Opportunities : The Election of 1935, the CCF, and Social Credit = 86
5.4 Predicting CCF and Social Credit Entry = 96
5.5 Summary and Conclusions = 99
5.A Appendix : Supporting Materials = 101
6 The Implications of Electoral Geography for British Labour = 105
6.1 The British Political Economy at the end of the Nineteenth Century = 106
6.2 The Electoral Geography of Income in England and Wales, 1881-1900 = 109
6.3 The Origins of British Labour = 114
6.4 The Strategic Entry of Labour Party Candidates = 118
6.5 Summary and Conclusions = 122
6.A Appendix : Supporting Materials = 125
7 The Swedish Social Democratic Party, and the Long-Term Implications of Electoral Reform = 127
7.1 The Political Economy and Electoral Geography of Sweden, 1890-1906 = 128
7.2 The Formation and Entry of the Social Democrats = 131
7.3 Suffrage Expansion and New Opportunities for Entry = 136
7.4 The Implications of Electoral Reform for the Political Representation of the Poor = 142
7.5 Summary and Conclusions = 149
7.A Appendix : Supporting Materials = 150
8 "It Didn''''t Happen Here" : The General Implications of Electoral Geography for the Political Representation of the Poor = 154
8.1 Electoral Power and Social Policy = 156
8.2 "It Didn''''t Happen Here" = 168
8.3 Electoral Geography, Party Entry, and Political Representation : Summary and Conclusions = 171
8.A Appendix : Supporting Materials = 173
References = 179
Index = 1896
