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LIST OF FIGURES xiii 
LIST OF TABLES xvii
 
FOREWORD xix
 
PREFACE xxix
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxiii
 
CONTRIBUTORS xxxv
 
ACRONYMS xli
 
INTRODUCTION xlvii
 
PART I EMBEDDED DESIGN SECURITY 1
 
1 CERTIFIED SECURITY BY DESIGN FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS 3
Shiu-Kai Chin
 
1.1 Introduction / 3
 
1.2 Lessons from the Microelectronics Revolution / 3
 
1.3 Certified Security by Design / 5
 
1.4 Chapter Outline / 9
 
1.5 An Access-Control Logic / 9
 
1.6 An Introduction to HOL / 17
 
1.7 The Access-Control Logic in HOL / 25
 
1.8 Cryptographic Components and Their Models in Higher-Order Logic / 30
 
1.9 Cryptographic Hash Functions / 33
 
1.10 Asymmetric-Key Cryptography / 33
 
1.11 Digital Signatures / 36
 
1.12 Adding Security to State Machines / 38
 
1.13 A Networked Thermostat Certified Secure by Design / 49
 
1.14 Thermostat Use Cases / 52
 
1.15 Security Contexts for the Server and Thermostat / 56
 
1.16 Top-Level Thermostat Secure-State Machine / 58
 
1.17 Refined Thermostat Secure-State Machine / 67
 
1.18 Equivalence of Top-Level and Refined Secure-State Machines / 81
 
1.19 Conclusions / 84
 
Appendix / 86
 
References / 99
 
2 CYBER-ASSURANCE THROUGH EMBEDDED SECURITY FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS 101
Tyson T. Brooks and Joon Park
 
2.1 Introduction / 101
 
2.2 Cyber-Security and Cyber-Assurance / 106
 
2.3 Recognition, Fortification, Re-Establishment, Survivability / 108
 
2.4 Conclusion / 120
 
References / 122
 
3 A SECURE UPDATE MECHANISM FOR INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES 129
Martin Goldberg
 
3.1 Introduction / 129
 
3.2 Importance of IOT Security / 130
 
3.3 Applying the Defense In-Depth Strategy for Updating / 131
 
3.4 A Standards Approach / 132
 
3.5 Conclusion / 134
 
References / 135
 
PART II TRUST IMPACT 137
 
4 SECURITY AND TRUST MANAGEMENT FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS: AN RFID AND SENSOR NETWORK PERSPECTIVE 139
M. Bala Krishna
 
4.1 Introduction / 139
 
4.2 Security and Trust in the Internet of Things / 142
 
4.3 Radio Frequency Identification: Evolution and Approaches / 147
 
4.4 Security and Trust in Wireless Sensor Networks / 151
 
4.5 Applications of Internet of Things and RFID in Real-Time Environment / 156
 
4.6 Future Research Directions and Conclusion / 158
 
References / 159
 
5 THE IMPACT OF IoT DEVICES ON NETWORK TRUST BOUNDARIES 163
Nicole Newmeyer
 
5.1 Introduction / 163
 
5.2 Trust Boundaries / 164
 
5.3 Risk Decisions and Conclusion / 173
 
References / 174
 
PART III WEARABLE AUTOMATION PROVENANCE 175
 
6 WEARABLE IoT COMPUTING: INTERFACE, EMOTIONS, WEARER’S CULTURE, AND SECURITY/PRIVACY CONCERNS 177
Robert McCloud, Martha Lerski, Joon Park, and Tyson T. Brooks
 
6.1 Introduction / 177
 
6.2 Data Accuracy in Wearable Computing / 178
 
6.3 Interface and Culture / 178
 
6.4 Emotion and Privacy / 179
 
6.5 Privacy Protection Policies for Wearable Devices / 181
 
6.6 Privacy/Security Concerns About Wearable Devices / 182
 
6.7 Expectations About Future Wearable Devices / 183
 
References / 184
 
7 ON VULNERABILITIES OF IoT-BASED CONSUMER-ORIENTED CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS 187
Martin Murillo
 
7.1 Introduction / 187
 
7.2 Industrial Control Systems and Home Automation Control / 189
 
7.3 Vulnerability Identification / 193
 
7.4 Modeling and Simulation of Basic Attacks to Control Loops and Service Providers / 198
 
7.5 Illustrating Various Attacks Through a Basic Home Heating System Model / 200
 
7.6 A Glimpse of Possible Economic Consequences of Addressed Attacks / 203
 
7.7 Discussion and Conclusion / 205
 
References / 206
 
8 BIG DATA COMPLEX EVENT PROCESSING FOR INTERNET OF THINGS PROVENANCE: BENEFITS FOR AUDIT, FORENSICS, AND SAFETY 209
Mark Underwood
 
8.1 Overview of Complex Event Processing / 209
 
8.2 The Need: IoT Security Challenges in Audit, Forensics, and Safety / 211
 
8.3 Challenges to CEP Adoption in IoT Settings / 213
 
8.4 CEP and IoT Security Visualization / 215
 
8.5 Summary / 217
 
8.6 Conclusion / 219
 
References / 220
 
PART IV CLOUD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 225
 
9 A STEADY-STATE FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING SECURITY MECHANISMS IN A CLOUD-OF-THINGS ARCHITECTURE 227
Tyson T. Brooks and Lee McKnight
 
Variable Nomenclature / 227
 
9.1 Introduction / 228
 
9.2 Background / 229
 
9.3 Establishing a Framework for CoT Analysis / 232
 
9.4 The CoT Steady-State Framework / 238
 
9.5 Conclusion / 244
 
References / 245
 
10 AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PERSPECTIVE ON ENSURING CYBER-ASSURANCE FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS 249
Utku Köse
 
10.1 Introduction / 249
 
10.2 AI-Related Cyber-Assurance Research for the IoT / 250
 
10.3 Multidisciplinary Intelligence Enabling Opportunities with AI / 252
 
10.4 Future Research on AI-Based Cyber-Assurance for IoT / 254
 
10.5 Conclusion / 255
 
References / 255
 
11 PERCEIVED THREAT MODELING FOR CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 257
Christopher Leberknight
 
11.1 Introduction / 257
 
11.2 Overview of Physical Security / 259
 
11.3 Relevance to Grounded Theory / 261
 
11.4 Theoretical Model Construction / 262
 
11.5 Experiment / 263
 
11.6 Results / 267
 
11.7 Discussion / 275
 
11.8 Future Research / 276
 
11.9 Conclusion / 278
 
References / 279
 
APPENDICES
 
A LIST OF IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS STANDARDS 283
 
B GLOSSARY 319
 
C CSBD THERMOSTAT REPORT 333
 
D CSBD ACCESS-CONTROL LOGIC REPORT 415
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 433
 
INDEX 457

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