Abstract = 3
Acknowledgements = 9
Abbreviations = 15
CHAPTER ONE : Introduction: Phrase Structures and Movement Constraints
1.1. Overview = 17
1.2. Ditransitives and Applicative Structures in Brief = 19
1.3. Organization = 22
CHAPTER TWO : Passivization of Ditransitives and (Anti-) locality
2.1. Introduction = 25
2.2. Typology of Passivization in Ditransitives = 27
2.3. Case and Locality in Deriving the Passivization Typology = 36
2.3.1. Case-theoretic Accounts = 36
2.3.2. Locality-based Accounts = 39
2.4. Locality, Locality Circumvention and the Structure of Ditransitives = 42
2.4.1. Deriving Escape Hatch Effects for Passivization Asymmetry = 42
2.4.1.1. Anagnostopoulou's (2003) Parametric Approach = 43
2.4.1.2. McGinnis's (2001) Applicative Typology and Phase Structures = 46
2.4.1.3. Interim Summary and Questions = 54
2.4.2. Locality Circumvention Effect and the Nature of Locality = 56
2.4.2.1. Data and Issues = 56
2.4.2.2. Theories on the Nature of Locality Constraints = 61
2.4.2.3. Hiraiwa's (2003) Occurrence Principle and Cyclic Locality = 67
2.4.2.4. Problem: Occurrence Principle and Greek Passivization = 72
2.4.2.5. Interim Conclusion = 74
2.5. Anti-locality in Grammar = 74
2.5.1 Domain-based Anti-locality = 74
2.5.2. History of the Anti-locality Constraint = 76
2.6. Proposal: Ditransitives, Anti-locality, and Phases = 78
2.7. A Note on Possible Empirical Arguments for the (Non-) phasehood = 81
2.7.1. Raising A-movement Asymmetries in Experiencer Constructions = 81
2.7.2. Wh-Theme Movement = 84
2.8. Conclusion = 85
CHAPTER THREE : The Word Order Permutation in Ditransitives and Chain Formation
3.1. Introduction = 87
3.2. Ditransitive Structures in English and Japanese = 88
3.2.1. Double Object Constructions and Prepositional Dative Constructions in English = 89
3.2.2. The Word Order Permutation in Japanese Ditransitives = 95
3.3. Previous Analyses of the Word Order Permutation = 97
3.3.1. Base-Generation Analysis: Chain Condition Effect with Reciprocal Anaphors = 97
3.3.2. Movement Analysis = 100
3.3.2.1. Chain Condition Effect with Reflexive Anaphors = 100
3.3.2.2. Object Honorification as Agreement = 108
3.4. The Two Argument Structures' Proposal = 111
3.5. Quantifier Floating, Clefts, Passivization, Scope, and Animacy = 120
3.6. Base-Generation vs. Movement Controversy Revisited: Pronominal Variable Binding and Weak Reconstruction Effects = 133
3.7. Object Honorification, Animacy, and Featural Locality = 138
3.8. Locality and Chain Formation in Applicative Structures = 141
3.8.1. Passivization and Scrambling in Ditransitives = 141
3.8.2. Successive Cyclic Movement and Chain Formation = 151
3.9. Conclusion = 154
CHAPTER FOUR : Indirect Passivization and Additional Indirect Objects
4.1. Introduction = 157
4.2. Direct Passives and Two Types of Indirect Passives = 158
4.3. Huang's (1999) Passivization Strategies across Languages = 161
4.4. Previous Approaches to Indirect Passivization = 167
4.4.1. The Passivization of Outer／Outermost Objects of Complex Predicates = 168
4.4.2. The Passivization of Low and High Applicative Objects = 175
4.4.2.1. Some Properties of Applicatives in Pylkk a ·· nen (2002) = 175
4.4.2.2. Indirect Passivization in Applicative Constructions = 177
4.5. Complex Predicate Analysis vs. Applicative Analysis = 181
4.5.1. Transitivity Restriction and Exclusive Indirect Passives = 181
4.5.2. The Position of Indirect Additional Objects = 186
4.5.3. Derived Subjects and Base-Generated Subjects = 189
4.5.4. Depictive Secondary Predication = 190
4.5.5. Controlling Purpose Clauses = 194
4.5.6. Summary = 197
4.6. Conclusion = 198
CHAPTER FIVE : Summary and Conclusion = 199
References = 203
