CONTENTS
Preface = ⅶ
Introduction = 1
1 The Doctrine of Sovereignty = 19
The Classical Doctrine of Sovereignty = 19
The People as Sovereign = 29
Parliament as Sovereign = 36
Critics of Sovereignty = 53
2 Athenian Democracy = 60
Constitutional Development = 63
The Athenian Political System = 66
The Theory of the Athenian Constitution = 75
The Doctrine of Mixed Government = 80
The Constitutional Totalitarianism of Sparta = 84
3 The Roman Republic = 86
The Development of the Republic, and Its Fall = 87
The Political System of the Republic = 96
Theoretical Interpretation of the Republican System = 107
4 Countervailance Theory in Medieval Law, Catholic Ecclesiology, and Huguenot Political Theory = 116
Canon Law and Roman Law = 116
Catholic Ecclesiology and the Conciliar Movement = 118
The Huguenot Political Theorists = 121
5 The Republic of Venice = 129
Venice and Europe = 129
The Venetian System of Government = 137
Venetian Constitutionalism = 144
Church and State = 149
The Myth of Venice = 155
Venice, Mixed Government, and Jean Bodin = 162
6 The Dutch Republic = 166
The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic = 166
The Political History of the Republic, 1566-1814 = 183
The Republican Political System = 194
Dutch Political Theory = 208
7 The Development of Constitutional Government and Countervailance Theory in Seventeenth-Century England = 223
Religious Toleration and Civic Freedom = 228
The Roles of Parliament = 232
"Mixed Government" and the Countervailance Model = 237
The Early Stuart Era = 238
From the Civil War to the Revolution of 1688 = 264
The Provenance of English Countervailance Theory = 269
The Eighteenth Century, and Montesquieu = 276
8 American Constitutionalism = 284
The Political Theory of the American Revolution = 285
The State Constitutions = 294
The National Constitution = 299
The Bill of Rights and the Judiciary = 317
A Note on Provenance = 322
9 Modern Britain = 327
Archaic Remnants：The Monarchy and the House of Lords = 332
The House of Commons and the Cabinet = 334
The Bureaucracy = 343
The Judiciary = 348
Unofficial Political Institutions：Pressure Groups = 354
Epilogue = 358
References = 363
Index = 387
