CONTENTS
1 Optimality Theory : the Basics = 1
1.1 Past = 1
1.2 Present = 5
1.3 Future? = 9
2 Optimality in a Complex World : Additions and Extensions = 13
2.1 The whole story? = 13
2.2 Inviolable constraints and principles of constraint interaction = 14
2.3 System-specific strategies = 19
2.3.1 Language-specific constraints = 19
2.3.2 The reintroduction of rules = 24
2.4 Correspondence Theory = 33
2.5 Morphology-phonology interactions = 41
2.6 Sympathy = 47
2.7 Optimality and acquisition = 52
3 Constraints, Causation, and Change = 57
3.1 History matters = 57
3.2 The Cutting Edge : between synchrony and diachrony = 58
3.2.1 Epenthesis and deletion = 58
3.2.2 Metathesis = 75
3.2.3 Chain shifts = 85
3.3 Constraint reranking and the explanation of change = 90
3.3.1 Modelling sound change in OT = 90
3.3.2 The Great Vowel Shift : Miglio(1998) = 92
3.3.3 Historical segment loss = 98
3.4 OT and variation = 105
3.5 Plus \cedilc a change : formal models and language change = 115
3.5.1 The bigger picture = 115
3.5.2 Some formal approaches to syntactic change = 116
3.5.3 General problems = 121
3.5.4 Optimality Theory = 125
4 Cognates and Comparisons : Natural Morphology and Neo-Darwinian Evolutionary Biology = 129
4.1 A problem shared = 129
4.2 Natural Morphology = 130
4.3 Neo-Darwinian evolutionary biology = 137
5 The Emergence of the Innate : Evolving Optimality = 153
5.1 The nature of innateness = 153
5.2 Language, complexity, and design = 156
5.2.1 Central questions = 156
5.2.2 Gradualism and the evolution of language = 157
5.2.3 Selective advantage and the evolution of language = 162
5.3 Evolving Optimality = 170
6 Optimality and Optimism : the Panglossian Paradigm = 177
References = 185
Index = 195
