CONTENTS
Preface = xi
1 Global Education and an Intercivilizational Analysis = 1
Illustrating the Growing Uniformity of Global Education : "Not One Less" = 2
An Intercivilizational Approach to Defining Equality and Freedom of Education : Confucian, Islamic, Western, and Hindu = 3
Universal Declaration of Human Rights as an Intercivilizational Document = 5
Human Rights in the Global Flow and the Global Culture = 7
The Intercivilizational Character of Global Education = 10
Human Rights Statements on Equality, Freedom, and the Right to Education = 14
Conclusion = 19
2 China : Confucius, Mao Zedong, and Socialist Modernization = 20
The Confucian Tradition = 23
Equality in Confucian Education = 24
The Litigious Versus the Self-regulated Society = 27
Confucian Educational Ideal = 28
Freedom of Speech, Scholars, and the Good Society = 30
Inequality and the Oppression of Women = 32
Chinese Nationalism : "Western Function, Chinese Essence" = 34
Chinese Constitutionalism : Equality of Pleasure and Pain = 36
Mao Zedong : Thinking Equality and Freely Expressing Truth = 39
Socialist Modernization and Human Rights = 46
Equality, Freedom, and Socialist Modernization = 48
Gender Equality and Inequality = 52
Conclusion : The Contribution of Confucius, Mencius, Mao Zedong Thought, and Socialist Modernization to Ideas of Equality and Freedom in the Global Flow = 53
3 Equality and Freedom in Islamic Education = 57
Qur'anic Arabic : The Language of Islam = 58
Islam and the West = 59
Islamic History and the West = 61
Education, Pan Islam, Arab Nationalism, and the Islamic State = 65
Equality and Freedom in Iran's Constitution = 68
Islam and Women's Rights = 71
Equality of Educational Opportunity in Iran = 74
Equality and Freedom in Islamic Constitutions = 74
The Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights and The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam = 78
The Reality of Educational Opportunity in Islamic Nations = 80
Conclusion = 84
4 Natural Rights and Education in the West = 89
Western Concepts of Equality and Freedom = 90
Equality and Freedom in the Western Enlightenment = 92
Equality and Freedom in the United States = 98
Equality, Scientific Racism, and Educational Discrimination = 99
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the Bill of Rights = 102
Equality of Opportunity = 103
Equality Before the Law = 105
Equality of Educational Opportunity as a Human Right in the West = 107
Freedom and the Right to Education = 111
Freedom of Choice and The European Union's Right to Education = 111
Conclusion = 114
5 India : Education, Human Rights, and the Global Flow = 115
Anglicized Leadership and the Struggle for Freedom and Equality = 116
Inequality Based on Caste and Gender = 119
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar : An Untouchable in Search of Equality = 122
Ghandhi and Theosophy in the Global Flow = 128
Gandhi : Education in the Global Flow = 131
Gandhi : Equality and the Reform of Hinduism = 135
Nehru = 140
Constitutional Provisions for Education = 145
The Pursuit of Equality in Indian Education = 147
The Case of the Missing Women = 149
Conclusion : The Lessons of India = 149
6 A Constitutional Provision for Educational Rights = 152
Conclusion = 161
Notes = 163
Index = 177
