CONTENTS
Introduction = xvii
Who Should Read This Book = xvii
Prerequisites = xvii
Conventions Used in This Book = xix
Illustration Icongraphy = xix
Command Syntax Conventions = xx
Chapter1 Overview of a Campus Network = 3
Campus Network Overview = 4
Traditional Campus Networks = 4
Current Campus Networks = 8
The Emerging Campus Network = 11
Emerging Campus Structure = 11
Switching Technologies = 13
Basic Layer Terminology = 13
Layer 2 Switching = 14
Benefits of Routing = 16
Layer 3 Switching = 18
Layer 4 Switching = 19
Multilayer Switching = 20
The Hierarchical Model = 20
The Access Layer = 21
The Distribution Layer = 21
The Core Layer = 22
Choosing a Cisco Product = 22
The Building Block Approach = 24
The Switch Block = 25
The Core Block = 28
Campus Network Availability Example = 35
Summary = 39
Review Questions = 40
Written Exercises : Overview of a Campus Network = 41
Task 1 : Describing Layer 2, 3, and 4 and Multilayer Switching Functions = 41
Task 2 : Identifying the Switch Layer Solution for a Given Network Requirement = 42
Task 3 : Given a Set of User Requirements, Identify the Correct Cisco Product Solution = 43
Task 1 Answers : Describing Layer 2, 3, and 4 and Multilayer Switching Functions = 44
Task 2 Answers : Identifying the Switch Layer Solution for a Given Network Requirement = 45
Task 3 Answers : Given a Set of User Requirements, Identify the Correct Cisco Product Solution = 46
Chapter2 Connecting the Switch Block = 49
Introduction to Connecting the Switch Block = 49
Cable Media Types = 50
Ethernet = 50
Fast Ethernet = 51
Gigabit Ethernet = 54
Example of Subscribing Links = 56
Cabling Switch Block Devices = 60
Connecting to the Console Port on an IOS Command-Based Switch = 61
Connecting to the Console Port on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch = 62
Connecting to an Ethernet Port = 62
Configuring Connectivity within the Switch Block = 63
Limiting Switch Access Using Passwords = 64
Uniquely Defining the Switch = 66
Configuring Switch Remote Accessibility = 67
Uniquely Identifying Ports = 68
Defining Link Speed = 69
Maximizing Data Transmission = 69
Verifying Connectivity = 71
Summary = 72
Review Questions = 73
Case Study : Connecting the Switch Block = 73
Scenario = 73
Command List = 75
Task 1 : Configure the Access Layer Connection to the PC = 77
Task 2 : Configure the Connections Between the Access Layer Switches and the Distribution Layer Switches = 79
Task 3 : Configure the Connections from the Distribution Layer Switches to the Core Layer Switches = 82
Chapter3 Defining Common Workgroups with VLANs = 87
VLANs = 87
Defining VLAN Boundaries = 90
Establishing VLAN Memberships = 93
Configuring VLANs = 94
Verifying VLAN Configuration = 95
VLAN Identification = 96
Link Types = 96
VLAN Frame Identification Methods = 99
Trunk Negotiation = 104
Configuring a Trunk Link = 104
VLAN Trunking Protocol = 106
VTP Operation = 107
VTP Modes of Operation = 109
Adding a Switch to an Existing Domain = 109
VTP Advertisements = 110
VTP Configuration Revision Number = 111
VTP Configuration Tasks and Guidelines = 112
VTP Pruning = 115
Summary = 118
Review Questions = 118
Case Study : Defining Common Workgroups = 118
Scenario = 119
Command List = 120
Task 1 : Configure the Access Layer Devices with VTP Domain, VLANs, and Trunks = 121
Task 2 : Configuring the Distribution Layer Switches with VTP Domain and Trunks = 125
Chapter4 Managing Redundant Links = 131
Overview of Transparent Bridging = 131
Introduction to the Spanning-Tree Protocol = 134
Bridge Protocol Data Units = 135
Electing a Root Bridge = 137
Forming an Association with the Root Bridge = 137
Spanning-Tree Port States = 139
Spanning-Tree Timers = 140
Handling Topology Changes in Spanning Tree = 142
Spanning Tree Example = 143
Enabling Spanning Tree = 144
Virtual LANs and Spanning Tree = 147
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree = 147
Common Spanning Tree = 148
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus = 149
Scaling Spanning Tree in the Campus Network = 150
Establishing the Root Bridge = 151
Determining the Best Loop-Free Path to the Root = 153
Modifying Spanning-Tree Timers = 158
EtherChannel = 159
Configuring UplinkFast = 165
Configuring BackboneFast = 168
Summary = 170
Review Questions = 170
Case Study : Managing Redundant Links = 171
Scenario = 171
Command List = 173
Task 1 : Verify Operation of the Spanning-Tree Protocol = 174
Task 2 : Configure the Primary and Secondary Root Bridge for Your VLANs = 175
Task 3 : Configure Fast EtherChannel = 178
Task 4 : Configure PortFast and UplinkFast = 182
Chapter5 Inter-VLAN Routing = 187
Inter-VLAN Routing Issues and Solutions = 187
Isolated Broadcast Domains = 188
Finding the Route = 189
Supporting Multiple VLAN Traffic = 189
Distribution Layer Topology = 192
External Route Processors = 192
Internal Route Processors = 193
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing = 196
Loading and Accessing the Route Processor = 197
Enabling an IP Routing Protocol = 198
Configuring an Interface = 199
Defining the Default Gateway = 203
Testing the Link = 204
Summary = 205
Review Questions = 206
Case Study : Inter-VLAN Routing = 206
Scenario = 206
Command List = 208
Task 1 : Perform Basic Router Setup = 210
Task 2 : Configure Routing on the Route Switch Module = 211
Task 3 : Verify IP Addresses and Establish a Default Gateway for the Workstation = 213
Chapter6 Improving IP Routing Performance with Multilayer Switching = 217
Multilayer Switching Fundamentals = 217
Hardware and Software Requirements = 219
MLS Components = 219
How MLS Works = 220
Commands That Disable MLS = 226
Configuring the Multilayer Switch Route Processor = 227
Globally Enabling MLS on the Route Processor = 227
Assigning an MLS Interface to a VTP Domain = 228
Enabling MLS on an Interface = 229
Creating a Null Domain = 230
Assigning an MLS Management Interface = 230
Assigning a VLAN ID to an Interface on an External Router = 231
Verifying the Configuration = 232
Applying Flow Masks = 233
Destination-IP Flow Mask = 234
Source-Destination-IP Flow Mask = 234
IP-Flow Mask = 235
Output Access Lists and Flow Masks = 235
Input Access Lists and Flow Masks = 237
Configuring the Multilayer Switch Switching Engine = 238
Enabling MLS on the Switch = 238
Aging Out Cache Entries on the Switch = 239
Managing Short-Lived Flows = 239
Adding External Router MLS IDs = 240
Verifying the Configuration = 242
MLS Topology Examples = 244
Topology Example = 244
Topology Changes and Routing Impacts = 245
Topology Quiz = 246
Other Layer 3 Switching Technologies = 247
Summary = 248
Review Questions = 248
Case Study : Improving IP Routing Performance with Multilayer Switching = 249
Scenario = 249
Command List = 251
Task 1 : Configure the Distribution Layer Route Processor to Participate in Multilayer Switching = 252
Task 2 : Configure the Distribution Layer Switching Engine to Participate in Multilayer Switching = 254
Task 3 : Verify MLS Flow Cache = 256
Chapter7 Configuring HSRP for Fault-Tolerant Routing = 259
HSRP Overview = 259
Routing Issues in a Redundant Network = 260
Solution to Routing Issues: Hot Standby Routing Protocol = 263
HSRP Group Members = 263
HSRP Operations = 266
Locating the Virtual Router MAC Address = 267
HSRP Messages = 269
HSRP States = 270
Configuring HSRP = 272
Assigning HSRP Standby Priority = 273
Configuring HSRP Standby Preempt = 274
Configuring HSRP Over Trunk Links = 275
Configuring Hello Message Timers = 276
HSRP Interface Tracking = 276
Displaying the Status of HSRP = 278
Summary = 280
Review Questions = 280
Case Study = 281
Scenario = 281
Command List = 282
Task 1 : Configure HSRP = 282
Task 2 : Ensure the Role of the Active Router by Assigning a Preempt Status = 285
Chapter8 Multicast Overview = 287
Introduction to Multicasting = 287
Unicast Traffic = 288
Broadcast Traffic = 290
Multicast Traffic = 291
IP Multicast Characteristics = 292
Addressing in an IP Multicast Environment = 292
IP Multicast Address Structure = 293
Mapping MAC Addresses to IP Multicast Addresses = 294
Managing Multicast Traffic in a Campus Network = 295
Subscribing and Maintaining Groups = 296
IGMPv1 = 297
IGMPv2 = 299
Handling Multicast Traffic in a Switch = 305
Routing Multicast Traffic = 306
Distribution Trees = 307
Managing the Scope of Delivery = 310
Multicast Routing Protocols = 312
Dense Mode Routing Protocols = 313
Sparse Mode Routing Protocols = 316
Summary = 317
Review Questions = 318
Written Exercises : Multicasting Overview = 318
Task 1 : Transmission Characteristics = 319
Task 2 : Reconcile Multicast IP Addresses to Ethernet Addresses = 319
Task 3 : The Functional Differences Between IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 = 322
Task 4 : The Setup Procedure in Which Routers and Switches Facilitate Multicast Traffic = 323
Task 1 Answers : Transmission Characteristics = 323
Task 2 Answers : Reconcile Multicast IP Addresses to Ethernet Addresses = 324
Task 3 Answers : The Functional Differences Between IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 = 324
Task 4 Answers : The Setup Procedure in Which Routers and Switches Facilitate Multicast Traffic = 325
Chapter9 Configuring IP Multicast = 327
Planning for Multicasting = 327
End-to-End IP Multicasting = 329
Configuring IP Multicast Routing = 330
Enabling Multicasting = 331
Configuring Multicast Interfaces = 331
Verifying PIM Configuration = 334
Selecting a Designated Router = 335
Displaying a PIM Neighbor = 336
Configuring a Rendezvous Point = 337
Defining the Scope of Delivery = 341
Verifying Multicast Configuration = 342
Enhancing the Route Processor = 343
Joining a Multicast Group = 343
Manipulating the IGMP Version = 344
Enabling CGMP = 345
Enabling CGMP on the Router = 345
Enabling CGMP on the Switch = 346
Enabling CGMP Leave = 347
Verifying CGMP Configuration = 348
Summary = 349
Review Questions = 350
Case Study : Configuring IP Multicast = 351
Scenario = 351
Command List = 352
Task 1 : Configure the Primary Distribution Router to Forward Multicast Traffic Using the PIM DM Protocol = 353
Task 2 : Configure Multicast Traffic Using PIM SM = 358
Task 3 : Enable CGMP = 359
Chapter10 Controlling Access to the Campus Network = 365
Definition of an Access Policy = 365
Applying Policies in a Hierarchical Model = 366
Managing Network Devices = 368
Physical Security = 368
Assigning Passwords = 368
Controlling Session Timeouts = 370
Privilege Levels = 371
Banner Messages = 373
Controlling Virtual Terminal Access = 373
Controlling HTTP Access = 374
Access Layer Policy = 376
Port Security = 376
Distribution Layer Policy = 378
Controlling Information with Filters = 378
Filtering Routing Update Traffic = 382
Core Layer Policy = 385
Summary = 385
Review Questions = 386
Appendix A Answers to Review Questions = 389
Chapter1 Answers to Review Questions = 389
Chapter2 Answers to Review Questions = 391
Chapter3 Answers to Review Questions = 392
Chapter4 Answers to Review Questions = 393
Chapter5 Answers to Review Questions = 394
Chapter6 Answers to Review Questions = 396
Chapter7 Answers to Review Questions = 397
Chapter8 Answers to Review Questions = 399
Chapter9 Answers to Review Questions = 400
Chapter10 Answers to Review Questions = 401
Appendix B Switching Architectures and Functional Descriptions = 405
Switching Terms and Definitions = 405
Backplane = 405
Local Switching = 405
Oversubscription = 406
Nonblocking = 406
Queuing = 406
Switching Decisions = 406
Switching Fabric = 407
Switching Components = 407
Congestion Management = 407
Switching Implementations = 410
Central Switching Decision = 411
Distributed Switching Decision = 411
Multilayer Switching = 411
Cisco Express Forwarding = 412
Cisco Express Forwarding Modes = 413
Catalyst 4000 Series Family = 415
Catalyst 5000 Series Family = 416
Catalyst 6000 Series Family = 417
Catalyst 8500 Series Family = 418
Index = 420
