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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS = xi

CHAPTER ONE

AN OVERVIEW OF TERMINOLOGY

 1. Social and political aspects = 1

  1.1 Origins = 1

  1.2 Development of the field = 2

  1.3 The evolution of modem terminology = 5

 2. Scientific and functional aspects = 6

  2.1 The theory of terminology = 7

  2.2 Terminology, a new practice = 9

  2.3 The functions of terminology = 10

  2.4 Schools and working methods in terminology = 12

 3. Organizational aspects = 14

  3.1 Different orientations according to spheres of influence = 15

  3.2 Organization of terminology = 20

  3.3 International cooperation = 22

CHAPTER TWO

TERMINOLOGY, AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD

 1. Terminology and linguistics = 25

  1.1 Theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics = 27

  1.2 Variety of the language system = 28

  1.3 Lexicology = 29

  1.4 Lexicography = 30

  1.5 Terminology = 32

  1.6 The specificity of terminology = 33

   1.6.l Terminology and lexicology = 34

   1.6.2 Lexicography and terminology = 37

 2. Terminology and cognitive science = 39

  2.1 The analysis of terms = 39

  2.2 Concept formation = 42

  2.3 The relationships between concepts = 44

  2.4 Subject classification = 44

 3. Terminology and communication = 45

  3.1 Specialized communication = 45

  3.2 Terminology and specialized communication = 47

  3.3 Terminology and translation = 47

  3.4 Terminology and language planning = 48

 4. Terminology and documentation = 50

  4.1 The relationship between terminology and documentation = 51

 5. Terminology, computer science and knowledge engineering = 52

  5.1 Computer science at the service of terminology = 53

  5.2 The usefulness of terminology for computer science = 55

CHAPTER THREE

THE FOUNDATIONS OF TERMINOLOGY

 1. Special languages = 56

  1.1 Types of discourse = 57

  1.2 General language and special languages = 58

   1.2.1 The concept and scope of special languages = 59

   1.2.2 General language and special languages = 71

   1.2.3 Variation in special languages = 76

  1.3 Special language documents = 78

  1.4 The role of terminology in special language texts and documents = 80

 2. The terminological unit = 80

  2.1 Terms as systematic units = 81

   2.1.1 The designation = 82

   2.1.2 Concepts = 95

   2.1.3 The term-concept relationship = 107

   2.1.4 Function = 111

  2.2 Terms as pragmatic units = 112

CHAPTER FOUR

TERMINOLOGY IN PRACTICE ： TERMINOGRAPHY

 1. The foundations of terminological practice = 115

  1.1 Theoretical principles = 115

  1.2 International standards = 116

 2. Materials used in terminography = 116

  2.1 Reference materials = 117

   2.1.1 Documentation on documentation = 117

   2.1.2 Documentation on the special subject field = 117

   2.1.3 Documentation on terms = 118

   2.1.4 Documentation on the research method and presentation of work = 119

  2.2 Specific materials for terminographic work = 121

  2.3 Support materials = 121

   2.3.1 Extraction records = 121

   2.3.2 Terminological records = 123

   2.3.3 Correspondence records = 127

   2.3.4 Query records = 127

 3. Working methods = 129

  3.1 Systematic searches = 129

   3.1.1 Systematic monolingual searches = 130

   3.1.2 Systematic multilingual searches = 151

  3.2 Ad-hoc searches = 152

   3.2.1 The query = 153

   3.2.2 The search = 155

   3.2.3 General process of ad-hoc searches = 157

CHAPTER FIVE

COMPUTERIZED TERMINOLOGY

 1. The concept and scope of computerized terminology = 161

 2. Contribution of computer science to terminology = 162

  2.1 Computer science and terminological methodology = 162

  2.2 Computer science and terminological practice = 164

  2.3 Artificial intelligence and terminology = 166

 3. Terminology and data banks = 168

  3.1 The creation of a data bank = 169

  3.2 The organization of the data = 171

  3.3 Data banks of interest to terminology = 172

  3.4 The evolution and limitations of data banks = 173

 4. Terminological data banks = 175

  4.1 Definition = 176

  4.2 Classification = 178

  4.3 The design of a terminological data bank = 181

   4.3.1 Compilation = 181

   4.3.2 Storage = 184

   4.3.3 Retrieval = 186

  4.4 Limitations and problems = 190

  4.5 The future of terminological data banks = 191

CHAPTER SIX

TERMINOLOGY AND STANDARDIZATION

 1. General standardization = 194

  1.1 Basic features = 195

  1.2 Standardization bodies = 197

 2. Terminological standardization = 199

  2.1 Standardization of terms = 199

  2.2 Standardization of principles and methods of terminology = 201

  2.3 ISO Technical Committee 37 = 201

 3. Terminology and neology = 203

  3.1 An overview of neology = 204

  3.2 Neologisms = 205

  3.3 Linguistic characteristics of neologisms = 207

  3.4 Pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects of neologisms = 207

  3.5 Standardization of neologisms = 209

  3.6 International criteria for creating terms = 210

CHAPTER SEVEN

PROFESSIONAL TERMINOLOGY ： THE ROLE OF TERMINOLOGISTS IN A LANGUAGE SERVICE

 1. Linguistic needs and language planning = 215

 2. Planning and language services = 216

 3. The technical tasks of language services = 217

 4. Language services and terminology = 219

 5. The training of terminologists = 220

  5.1 Background assumptions = 221

  5.2 Training in terminology versus training terminologists = 222

NOTES = 225

REFERENCES = 233

INDEX = 245