CONTENTS
Preface = 9
Summary = 11
Ⅰ. Introduction = 21
Ⅰ.1. OECD Ethics survey = 21
Structure of the report = 21
Methodology and scope = 22
Ⅰ.2. Background to the report = 22
OECD's comprehensive approach to review the public service environment = 22
Defining an Ethics Infrastructure = 23
Two main approaches in the OECD area = 25
OECD Recommendation on Improving Ethical Conduct in the Public Service = 26
OECD also targets the "supply side" of corruption = 27
Outreach to non-member countries = 27
Ⅰ.3. Why ethics now? = 28
Reforms in public management = 28
Consequences and challenges for ethical concerns = 28
Decisive environment = 29
Ⅱ. Delivering a Sound Ethics Infrastructure = 31
Ⅱ.1. Values-based public service = 31
In what forms are the core values available? = 33
Updating core values = 34
Communicating values = 35
Knowing values and acting according to them = 36
Ⅱ.2. Putting values into action = 37
Forms for stating standards of behaviour = 38
Additional specific guidelines = 39
Legal regulations = 41
Ⅱ.3. From provisions to compliance = 42
Developing a supportive working environment = 43
Human resources management measures = 44
Informing and training public servants on ethics issues = 46
Disclosure policies = 49
Procedures to report misconduct, suspected corruption = 53
Internal control to support the improvement of ethical conduct in the public service = 55
Ⅱ.4. Scrutinising misconduct in the Public Service = 57
Disciplinary procedures in the case of a breach of public service standards = 57
Investigating and prosecuting misconduct = 59
Independent scrutiny = 62
Ⅱ.5. Co-ordination and management of government ethics and anti-corruption policy = 66
Creating an institutional framework for co-ordination = 66
Developing ethics and corruption prevention plans and strategies = 68
Ⅱ.6. Assessing effectiveness in ethics management = 69
Institutional framework for assessing ethics measures = 69
Successful measures and risk areas = 70
Ⅱ.7. Transparency as driving force = 72
Annex : 1998 Recommendation of the OECD Council on Improving Ethical Conduct in the Public Service, Including Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service = 74
Notes = 79
Country Chapters = 81
Australia = 83
Austria = 97
Belgium = 103
Canada = 117
Czech Republic = 127
Denmark = 133
Finland = 141
France = 147
Germany = 155
Greece = 167
Hungary = 173
Iceland = 179
Ireland = 185
Italy = 193
Japan = 205
Korea = 213
Luxembourg = 219
Mexico = 227
Netherlands = 233
New Zealand = 241
Norway = 247
Poland = 253
Portugal = 267
Spain = 275
Sweden = 281
Switzerland = 287
Turkey = 301
United Kingdom = 309
United States of America = 317
Notes = 328
