CONTENTS
Preface = xi
Contributors = xiii
1. Introduction / B. J ddota hne = 1
1.1 Components of avision system = 1
1.2 Imaging systems = 2
Ⅰ IIIumination and Image Formation
2. Radiation / H. Hau beta ecker = 7
2.1 Introduction = 8
2.2 Fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation = 9
2.3 Radiometric quantities = 13
2.4 Fundamental concepts of photometry = 24
2.5 Thermal emission of radiation = 28
2.6 Acoustic waves = 34
2.7 References = 35
3. Interaction of Radiation with Matter / H. Hau beta ecker = 37
3.1 Introduction = 37
3.2 Basic definitions and terminology = 39
3.3 Properties related to interfaces and surfaces = 43
3.4 Bulk-related properties of objects = 52
3.5 References = 61
4. Imaging Optics / p. Gei$$beta$$ler = 63
4.1 Introduction = 64
4.2 Basic concepts of geometric optics = 64
4.3 Lenses = 67
4.4 Optical properties of glasses and other materials = 78
4.5 Aberrations = 81
4.6 Optical image formation = 90
4.7 Wave and Fourier optics = 96
4.8 References = 101
5. Radiometry of Imaging / H. Hau beta ecker = 103
5.1 Introduction = 104
5.2 Observing surfaces = 104
5.3 Propagating radiance = 112
5.4 Radiance of imaging = 115
5.5 Detecting radiance = 118
5.6 Concluding summary = 134
5.7 References = 135
6. IIIumination Sources and Techniques / H. Hau beta ecker = 137
6.1 Introduction = 137
6.2 Natural illumination = 138
6.3 Artificial illumination sources = 14
6.4 illumination setups = 157
6.5 References = 162
Ⅱ Imaging Sensors
7. Solid-State Image Sensing / p. Seitz = 165
7.1 Introduction = 166
7.2 Fundamentals of solid-state photosensing = 168
7.3 photocurrent processing = 176
7.4 Transporatation-of photosignals = 182
7.5 Electronic signal detection = 185
7.6 Architectures of image sensors = 189
7.7 Camera and video standards = 194
7.8 Semiconductor technology of image sensing = 204
7.9 Practical limitations of semiconductor photosensors = 207
7.10 Thge future of image sensing = 209
7.11 Conclusions = 218
7.12 References = 219
8. HDRC-imagers for Natural Visual Perception / U. Seger, U. Apel, and B. H ddoto fflinger = 223
8.1 Introduction = 223
8.2 Log compression at the pixel site = 224
8.3 Random pixel access = 228
8.4 Optimized S〈R by bandwidth control per pixel = 228
8.5 Data density in the log space = 230
8.6 Color constancy in the log space = 230
8.7 Development of functionality and spatial resolution = 231
8.8 References = 235
9. Image Sensors in TFA(Thin Film on ASIC) Technology / B. Schneider ; P. Rieve ; M. B$$ddot o$$hm = 237
9.1 Introduction = 238
9.2 Thin-film detectors = 239
9.3 TFA properties and design considerations = 249
9.4 TFA array prototypes = 256
9.5 TFA array concepts = 262
9.6 Conclusions = 267
9.7 References = 268
10. poly siGe Bolometers / S. Sedky ; P. Fiorini = 271
10.1 Overview = 272
10.2 Principle of operation of bolometers = 274
10.3 Microbolometer focal plane arrays = 280
10.4 Bolometer materials = 284
10.5 poly SiGe bolometers = 288
10.6 Characterization of poly SiGe bolometers = 292
10.7 Conclusions = 302
10.8 References = 303
11 Hyperspectral and Color Imaging / B. J ddota hne = 309
11.1 Spectral signatures = 309
11.2 Spectral sampling methods = 310
11.3 Human color vision = 315
11.4 References = 320
Ⅲ Two-Dimensional Imaging
12. Dynamic Fluorescence Imaging / D. Uttenweiler ; R. H. A. Fink = 323
12.1 Introduction = 323
12.2 Fluorescence = 324
12.3 Fluorescent indicators = 328
12.4 Microscopic techniques = 332
12.5 Analysis of fluorescence images = 342
12.6 Summary = 343
12.7 References = 344
13. Electron Mictoscopic Image Acquisition / H. Stegmann ; R. Wepf ; R. R. Schr ddoto der = 347
13.1 Introduction = 348
13.2 Electron-specimen interactions = 349
13.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) = 350
13.4 Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) = 359
13.5 Analytical transmission electron mictoscopy = 361
13.6 Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) = 364
13.7 Preparation techniques = 368
13.8 Digital image processing of electron mictographs = 369
13.9 Imaging examples = 370
13.10 References = 383
14. Processing of Ultrasound Images in Medical Diagnosis / W. Albert ; M. Pandit = 387
14.1 Introduction = 387
14.2 Ultrasound imaging systems = 390
14.3 Processing the B-mode image = 399
14.4 Examples of image processing of B-mode images = 404
14.5 Conclusions and perspectives = 411
14.6 References = 412
15. Acoustic Daylight Imaging in the Ocean / M. J Buckingham = 415
15.1 Inrtoduction = 415
15.2 The pilot experiment = 416
15.3 ADONIS = 418
15.4 Acoustic daylight images = 420
15.5 Concluding remarks = 422
15.6 References = 423
16. The Multisensorial Camera for Industrial Vision Applications / R. Massen = 425
16.1 Image segmentation with little robustness = 425
16.2 Sensor fusion and multisensorial camera = 426
16.3 A featrue vector with every pixel = 428
16.4 A real-time three-dimensional linescam camera = 429
16.5 A real-time linecan scatter camera = 430
16.6 The multisensorial color-height-scatter camera = 433
16.7 Compressing the multisensorial camera signals = 435
16.8 The one-chip multisensorial camera = 435
16.9 Conclusion = 436
16.10 References = 437
Ⅳ Three-Dimensional Imaging
17. Geometric Calibration of Digital Imaging Systems / R. Godding = 441
17.1 Definitions = 442
17.2 Parameters influencing geometrical performance = 442
17.3 Model of image formation with the aid of optical systems = 444
17.4 Camera models = 445
17.5 Calibration and orientation techniques = 450
17.6 photogrammetric applications = 457
17.7 References = 460
18. Principles of Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques / R. Schwarte ; H. Heinol ; B. Buxbaum ; T. ringbeck ; Z. Xu ; K. Hartmann = 463
18.1 Introduction = 464
18.2 Basic principles = 465
18.3 Some criteria and specifications = 467
18.4 Triangulation = 469
18.5 Time-of-flight(TOF)of modulated light = 474
18.6 Optical Interferometry (OF) = 479
18.7 Outlook = 482
18.8 Referebces = 482
19. Three-Dimensional Sensors-Potentials and Limitations / G. H$$ddot a$$usler = 485
19.1 Introduction = 485
19.2 Why three-dimensional sensors? = 486
19.3 Some important questions about three-dimensional sensing = 488
19.4 Triangulation on optically rough surfaces = 489
19.5 White-light interferometry on rough surfaces = 495
19.6 Summary = 503
19.7 Conclusion = 504
19.8 References = 505
20. High-performance Surface Measurement / R. W. Malz = 507
20.1 Introduction = 508
20.2 Close-range photogrammetry = 511
20.3 Sequential lightprocessing and information theory = 517
20.4 Advanced self-calibration of three-dimensional sensors = 526
20.5 Hybrid navigation of three-dimensional sensors = 529
20.6 Mobil measuring system "Ganymed" = 532
20.7 Conclusions = 536
20.8 References = 538
21. Three-Dimensional Light Microscopy / E. H. K. Stelzer = 541
21.1 Three-dimensional microscopy = 542
21.2 Telecentricity = 543
21.3 Theory of three-dimensional imaging = 547
21.4 Confocal microscopy = 548
21.5 Index mismatching effects = 555
21.6 Developments in confocal microscopy = 556
21.7 Resolution versus distance = 557
21.8 Perspectives of three-dimensional light microscope = 558
21.9 References = 559
22. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine / W. G. Schreiber ; G. Brix = 563
22.1 Introduction = 564
22.2 Basic magnetic resonance physics = 564
22.3 Image acquisition and reconstruction = 574
22.4 Image contrast = 587
22.5 Fast imaging methods = 592
22.6 Overview of quantitative applications = 596
22.7 References = 598
23. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy / A. Hasse ; J. Ruff ; M. Rokitta = 601
23.1 Introduction = 601
23.2 Methodology = 603
23.3 Applications to plant studies = 605
23.4 Applications to animal studies = 609
23.5 Discussion = 611
23.6 References = 612
Index = 613
