CONTENTS
Preface = xiii
Acknowledgements = xv
Chapter 1 : Introduction : meaning and reference = 1
Overview = 2
Meaning and understanding = 3
The Referential Theory = 4
Summary = 8
Questions = 8
Notes = 8
Further reading = 8
PARTⅠ : REFERENCE AND REFERRING = 9
Chapter 2 : Definite descriptions = 11
Overview = 12
Singular terms = 13
Russell's Theory of Descriptions = i6
objections to russell's theory = 21
Donnellan's distinction = 26
Anaphora = 31
Summary = 32
Questions = 33
Notes = 33
Further reading = 34
Chapter 3 : Proper names : the Description Theory = 35
Overview = 36
Russell's Name Claim = 37
Opening objections = 40
Searle's "Cluster Theory' = 42
Kripke's critique = 43
Summary = 48
Questions = 48
Notes = 48
Further reading = 49
Chapter 4 : Proper names : Direct Reference and the Causal-Historical Theory = 50
Overview = 51
Possible worlds = 52
Rigidity and proper names = 53
Direct Reference = 55
The Causal-Historical Theory = 60
Problems for the Causal-Historical Theory = 62
Natural-kind terms and "Twin Earth" = 66
Summary = 68
Questions = 69
Notes = 69
Further reading = 70
PART Ⅱ : THEORIES OF MEANING = 73
Chapter 5 : Traditional theories of meaning = 75
Overview = 76
Ideational theories = 78
The Proposition Theory = 80
Summary = 86
Questions = 87
Notes = 87
Further reading = 87
Chapter 6 : " Use" theories = 88
Overview = 89
"Use" in a roughly Wittgensteinian sense = 90
Objections and some replies = 93
Summary = 98
Questions = 98
Notes = 98
Further reading = 99
Chapter 7 : Psychological theories : Grice's program = 100
Overview = 101
Grice's basic idea = 102
Speaker-meaning = 103
Sentence meaning = 108
Summary = 113
Questions = 113
Notes = 113
Further reading = 114
Chapter 8 : Verificationism = 115
Overview = 116
The theory and its motivation = 117
Some objections = 119
The big one = 124
Two Quinean issues = 125
Summary = 127
Questions = 127
Notes = 128
Further reading = 128
Chapter 9 : Truth-Condition Theories : Davidson's program = 129
Overview = 130
Truth conditions = 131
Truth-defining natural languages = 136
Initial objections = 140
Summary = 146
Questions = 147
Notes = 147
Further reading : = 148
Chapter 10 : Truth-Condition Theories : possible worlds and intensional semantics = 149
Overview = 150
Truth conditions reconceived = 151
Advantages over Davidson's view = 154
Remaining objections = 156
Summary = 158
Questions = 158
Notes = 159
Further reading = 159
PART Ⅲ : PRAGMATICS AND SPEECH ACTS = 161
Chapter 11 : Semantic pragmatics = 163
Overview = 164
Semantic vs pragmatic pragmatics = 165
The problem of deixis = 166
The work of semantic pragmatics = 169
Summary = 171
Questions = 171
Notes = 171
Further reading = 172
Chapter 12 : Speech acts and illocutionary force = 173
Overview = 174
Performatives = 175
Rules and infelicities = 176
Force, content, and perlocution = 178
Cohen's problem = 181
Summary = 184
Questions = 185
Notes = 185
Further reading = 186
Chapter 13 : Implicative relations = 187
Overview = 188
Conveyed meanings and Invited inferences = 189
Conversational implicature = 191
"Presupposition" and conventional implicature = 195
Indirect force
Summary = 202
Questions = 202
Notes = 203
Further reading = 203
PART Ⅳ THE DARK S1DE = 205
Chapter 14 : Metaphor = 207
Overview = 208
A philosophical b1as = 209
The issues, and two simple theories = 210
The Figurative S1mile Theory = 214
The Pragmatic Theory = 217
Metaphor as analogical = 722
Summary = 224
Quest1ons = 224
Notes = 225
Further reading = 226
Glossary = 227
Bibliography = 229
Index = 239
