CONTENTS
Introduction = 9
Part Ⅰ THEMATIC REVIEW
Chapter 1. Social Exclusion and Adult Learning : Concepts and Dimensions = 15
Growing attention to social exclusion = 15
Different perspectives on social exclusion = 15
Adult learning and social exclusion : relationships and dimensions = 20
Chapter 2. Combating Exclusion through Adult Learning in Six Countries = 25
National policy approaches = 25
Elements of policies to tackle exclusion through learning = 27
The case studies : Target issues and population = 29
Organisational features of the case studies = 30
Local initiative and national policy = 34
Chapter 3. Innovation, Effectiveness and Lessons Learned = 37
Introduction = 37
Costs, efficiency and partnerships = 38
Innovation and effectiveness = 39
Implications for research = 46
Key policy considerations = 46
Part Ⅱ. COUNTRY CHAPTERS
Belgium(Flanders) = 53
Context = 53
Problems of exclusion in Belgium(Flanders) = 54
Adult education and social exclusion = 55
Main policy approaches = 57
Case studies = 59
Innovation and effectiveness = 68
Commentary = 69
Mexico = 73
Context = 73
Problems of exclusion in Mexico = 74
Adult learning and social exclusion = 75
Main policy approaches = 76
Case studies = 78
Innovation and effectiveness = 87
Commentary = 88
Netherlands = 93
Context = 93
Problems of exclusion in the Netherlands = 94
Adult learning and social exclusion = 96
Main policy approaches = 97
Case studies = 98
Innovation and effectiveness = 108
Commentary = 109
Norway = 113
Context = 113
Problems of exclusion in Norway = 115
Adult learning and social exclusion = 116
Main policy approaches = 117
Case studies = 119
Innovations and effectiveness = 128
Commentary = 129
Portugal = 133
Context = 133
Problems of exclusion in Portugal = 134
Adult learning and social exclusion = 135
Main policy approaches = 137
Case studies = 141
Innovation and effectiveness = 150
Commentary = 151
United Kingdom(England) = 155
Context = 155
Problems of exclusion in the United Kingdom = 156
Adult learning and social exclusion = 158
Main policy approaches = 160
Case studies = 161
Innovation and effectiveness = 172
Commentary = 172
Bibliography = 175
