CONTENTS
List of figures and tables = ⅹ
Acknowledgements = xii
Preface to the first edition = xiii
Preface to the second edition = xvi
PART Ⅰ
Foundations = 1
1 What's in a word = 3
1.0 Introduction ： A form of words = 3
1.1 Some definitions = 4
1.2 Lexemes and wordy = 7
1.3 Grammatical and lexical words = 8
1.4 Morphemes and morphology = 9
1.5 Word formation = 10
1.6 Multiple meanings = 12
1.7 In a word ： A summary = 13
1.8 Referential meaning = 15
1.9 Componential analysis = 17
1.10 Structural semantics ： Words and other words = 19
1.11 Basic English ： A review = 23
1.11.1 Styles and associations = 28
1.12 Conclusion = 29
2 The notion of core vocabulary = 34
2.0 Core vocabularies ： Some initial questions = 34
2.1 Some tests for core vocabulary = 36
2.1.1 Syntactic substitution = 36
2,1.2 Antonymy = 38
2.1.3 Collocability = 38
2.1.4 Extension = 39
2.1.5 Superordinateness = 40
2.1.6 Culture-free = 41
2.1.7 Summary = 42
2.1.8 Associationism = 42
2.1.9 Neutral field of discourse = 43
2.1.10 Neutral tenor of discourse = 43
2.2 Applications and further research = 44
2.3 Conclusion = 46
3 Words and patterns = 50
3.0 Introduction ： Ways with words = 50
3.1 Collocation ： Lexis as a level = 51
3.2 Sets and fields = 53
3.3 Patterns, ranges and restrictions = 56
3.4 Collocation and style = 57
3.5 Collocation and grammar = 58
3.6 Semantic prosodies ： Lexis into grammar into meaning = 62
3.7 Idioms galore ： Fixed expressions and language structure = 65
3.8 Fixing fixed expressions = 68
3.9 Lexical patterns ： A summary = 70
3.10 Lexis and the language learner ： What is lexical error? = 72
3.11 Conclusion = 76
4 Lexis and discourse = 79
4.0 Introduction = 79
4.1 Lexical cohesion = 80
4.2 Lexical signalling = 83
4.3 Evaluation and discourse = 85
4.4 Anaphoric nouns = 88
4.5 Densities and viewpoints ： Spoken and written continua = 91
4.6 Lexical patterning in spoken discourse = 94
4.7 Corpus-based spoken language analysis = 98
4.8 Lexis, coherence and writing development = 103
4.9 Lexis and genre = 107
4.10 Lexicalization, discourse and ideology = 108
4.11 Conclusion = 114
PART Ⅱ
Reviews = 117
5 Lexis and literary stylistics = 119
5.0 Introduction = 119
5.1 Sets, patterns and meaning = 120
5.2 Lexis and register-mixing = 122
5.3 Interpreting lexis in poetry = 124
5.4 Measuring lexical associations in literary texts = 127
5.5 Using informants = 128
5.5.1 Who is the reader? = 129
5.5.2 Competence ： linguistic and literary = 130
5.5.3 Analysis = 131
5.6 Lexis and literariness = 132
5.7 Metaphor = 138
5.8 Lexis, poetics and mind = 142
5.9 Arbitrariness, words, ideology ： A note = 146
5.10 Conclusion = 148
6 Lexis and lexicography = 150
6.0 Introduction = 150
6.1 The image of the dictionary ： User and use = 150
6.2 Dictionary definitions = 152
6.3 Grammar and the dictionary = 154
6.4 Fixed expressions and the dictionary = 158
6.5 Monosemy, polysemy and dictionary entries = 163
6.6 Corpora, computers and lexicography = 167
6.6.1 The COBUILD Project = 167
6.7 Further major innovations (1990 onwards) = 174
6.7.1 Lexicography and English-language learning ： Contrasts and comparisons = 177
6.8 A dictionary for production = 179
6.9 Conclusions and prospects = 180
7 Learning and teaching vocabulary = 184
7.0 Introduction ： Some historical perspectives = 184
7.1 Early words ： Mother-tongue English = 186
7.2 The growth of word-meaning ： Children into adults = 189
7.2.1 The syntagmatic - paradigmatic = 190
7.2.2 Concrete - abstract progression = 190
7.2.3 Generalizations = 191
7.3 L1 and L2 = 191
7.4 Memorization = 193
7.5 What is a difficult word? = 195
7.6 The Birkbeck Vocabulary Project = 197
7.7 Recent developments ： The explicit - implicit continuum = 202
7.8 Transitions = 205
7.9 Vocabulary and language teaching ： Introduction = 205
7.10 Word lists ： Vocabulary for beginners = 206
7.11 Words in context = 209
7.12 Word sets and grids ： Vocabulary for advanced learners = 213
7.13 Vocabulary in discourse ： Fixed expressions and lexis in use = 220
7.13.1 Fixed expressions and learnability = 223
7.14 Lexical foundations for language teaching = 224
7.15 Cloze and its uses = 226
7.15.1 Procedures = 226
7.15.2 Discourse cloze = 229
7.16 Computer corpora and word lists once more = 231
7.17 Words and limits ： Which words, and how many words? = 235
7.18 Core vocabulary and language study ： Back to the core = 236
7.19 Conclusions ： Knowing and teaching vocabulary = 238
PART Ⅲ
Case studies = 245
8 Case study ： Lexis, tones and ironies = 247
8.0 Introduction = 247
8.1 General framework = 248
8.2 Gricean analysis of irony ： Lexical perspectives = 249
8.3 Irony, lexis and genre = 252
8.4 Conclusions = 256
8.5 Appendices ： Informant tests = 257
9 Case study ： Style, lexis and the dictionary = 263
9.0 Introduction = 263
9.1 Semantics, associations and definitions = 263
9.2 Semantic space = 267
9.3 Informants and the measurement of 'meanings' = 270
9.4 Core vocabulary and the dictionary ： A sample entry = 275
9.5 Conclusion = 279
9.5.1 Further conclusion (1997) = 281
9.6 Coda = 282
Bibliography = 284
Bibliography of dictionaries = 307
Bibliography of language corpora = 309
Index = 311
