CONTENTS
Acknowledgments = ⅶ
1 Introduction = 1
1.1 Overview = 1
1.2 Theoretical Assumptions = 5
1.2.1 Optimality Theory (OT) = 5
1.2.2 Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) = 7
1.3 Organization = 12
2 Phrase Structure and Configurationality = 15
2.1 Phrase Structure in German = 16
2.1.1 Verb Second and Clause Structure = 16
2.1.2 Sand VP = 20
2.2 Canonical Order and Phrase Structure Constraints = 28
2.2.1 Canonical Word Order = 28
2.2.2 Phrase Structure Constraints CANON = 30
2.3 Phrase Structure in Korean = 42
2.3.1 Evidence for VP in Korean = 43
2.3.2 Coordination and Clause Structure = 47
2.4 Summary = 58
3 Specificity, Focus, and Information Structure = 59
3.1 Semantic and Discourse Effects of Scrambling = 59
3.1.1 Specificity Effect = 60
3.1.2 Anti-focality Effect = 66
3.1.3 Contrastive Focality Effect = 71
3.2 Information Structure and Scrambling = 74
3.2.1 Information Packaging = 74
3.2.2 Topic and Tail = 77
3.2.3 Contrastive Focus and Completive Focus = 80
3.2.4 Topic and Contrastive Focus = 86
3.3 Information Features and Information Structuring Constraints = 90
3.3.1 Feature-Based Information Structure = 91
3.3.2 Information Structuring Constraints = 97
3.3.3 Information and Prosody = 100
3.4 Specificity and Information Structure = 103
3.4.1 Specificity Effect Recisited = 103
3.4.2 Specificity and Information Status = 106
3.5 Summary = 112
4 Optimization in German Scrambling = 115
4.1 Optimality Theory and Scrambling = 116
4.1.1 Input and Information Structure = 116
4.1.2 Outputs and Candidate Set = 123
4.1.3 Constraints and Ranking = 132
4.2 Deriving the Semantic／Discourse Effects in Scrambling = 142
4.2.1 Neutral Context = 143
4.2.2 Anti-Focality Effect = 145
4.2.3 Contrastive Focality Effect = 153
4.2.4 Specificity Effect = 156
4.3 Summary = 162
5 Optimization in Korean Scrambling = 165
5.1 Information Structuring by Morphology = 165
5.1.1 nun: Topic or Contrastive Focus? = 165
5.1.2 nun as a [+Prom] marker = 169
5.2 Information Structuring by Order = 171
5.2.1 Reading Distribution and Order = 171
5.2.2 Scrambling motivated by Oldness = 177
5.2.3 Scrambling motivated by Prominence = 178
5.2.4 Ambiguity Resolution by Further Constraints = 179
5.3 Optimality-Theoretic Interaction of Morphology and Order = 184
5.3.1 Constraints and Ranking = 184
5.3.2 Choosing between Topic and Contrastive Focus = 188
5.3.3 Null Arguments = 196
5.4 Summary = 198
6 Conclusion = 199
6.1 Summary = 199
6.2 Concluding Remarks = 201
Bibliography = 205
Index = 219
