CONTENTS
Introduction = 7
Chapter 1 For Which Objectives is Technology a Necessity?
The access challenge = 11
The outcomes challenge : An education that is modern, appropriate and effective = 13
The challenge of spiraling costs = 20
Do not change technology for the sake of novelty = 20
Postscript : Why emphasize only "essential' uses of technology? = 21
Chapter 2 Chaos and Clarity : Working Assumptions About Adult Learning and its Technology
"If we use computers, education will become : better or worse - more expensive or less expensive" = 24
Each time that educational strategy and technology change, the policy issues are often similar = 26
Technological progress is more a zigzag than a straight line = 29
Technology can expand options for responding to the triple challenge of access, outcomes, and spiraling costs = 30
Effective responses to the triple challenge usually result from coherent change in the cumulative patterns of teaching and learning = 32
Coherent educational change requires a foundation of "evolutionary" technology = 34
The most powerful, flexible educational environments support four modes of learning = 35
Chapter 3 Where is the Edge of the "Envelope" Today?
Introduction = 53
Techniques and courses = 54
Educational improvements on a larger scale = 65
Other pieces of the puzzle = 75
The "killer app"? = 81
Chapter 4 Asking Right Questions
A common strategy is emerging on five levels = 83
Balanced support for learning is needed, rather than over-reliance on directed instruction = 84
Deciding which adults should be served = 90
Selecting courses of study for improvement = 91
A new dichotomy : campus-based and distributed learning environments = 93
Problems in the marketplace for courseware = 101
Staff and programme development are crucial, often under-funded, and often under-rewarded = 114
To support distributed learning programmes, one needs infrastructure for integrated access = 118
Equity is unlikely to be achieved simply because technology is implemented = 125
Technology and the control of spiraling educational costs = 126
Better tools for evaluation and inquiry are needed at all levels of the system = 134
Chapter 5 Conclusions
Lexicon = 147
Bibliography = 153
List of contributions from countries = 163
Annex : Figures = 165
