CONTENTS
Series Foreword = ⅸ
Acknowledgments = xi
1 Introduction = 1
1.1 What This Book Is About = 1
1.2 The Causal Reconstruction Task = 5
1.3 The Transition Space Representation = 9
1.4 The PATHFINDER Program = 22
1.5 A Note to the Reader = 33
2 Causal Reconstruction = 35
2.1 A Closer Look at the Problem = 35
2.2 Task Restrictions for PATHFINDER = 39
3 Transition space = 49
3.1 Guidelines from Perceptrual Psychology = 49
3.2 Representing Transitions and Events = 52
3.3 Using Language to Generate Representations = 62
4 Matching in Transition Space = 69
4.1 Overview = 69
4.2 Direct Matches between Referenced Events = 73
4.3 Matches Involving Precedent Events = 91
5 Inference, Background Statements and Assumptions = 99
5.1 Overview = 99
5.2 Employing Inference = 106
5.3 Making Use of Background Statements = 117
5.4 Identifying Supporting Assumptions = 123
6 Exploratory Transformations = 127
6.1 Overview = 127
6.2 Information-Preserving Transformations = 136
6.3 Non-Information-Preserving Transformations = 147
7 Making Use of Connecting statements = 169
7.1 Overview = 169
7.2 Temporal Ordering Statements = 174
7.3 Other Specifications of Association = 178
8 An Extended Example = 185
8.1 Phase 1 : Parsing and Encoding the Input = 185
8.2 Phase 2 : Applying Exploratory Transformations = 196
8.3 Phase 3 : Associating the Events = 198
8.4 Phase 4 : Answering Questions = 204
9 Related Literature = 213
9.1 Research in Artificial Intelligence = 213
9.2 Research in Psychology = 224
9.3 Research in Linguistics and Philosophy = 228
10 Conclusions = 233
10.1 Contributions of the Research = 233
10.2 Extending the Approach = 237
10.3 New Horizons = 241
A PATHFINDER Implementation = 251
B PATHFINDER Test Examples = 259
Glossary = 275
Bibliography = 283
Index = 295
