CONTENTS
I. OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF CHILDHOOD SYNDROME = 3
Historical Background and Terminology = 3
Current Research Interest in the Syndrome = 7
Does the Hyperactive Syndrome Exist? = 9
Clinical Aspects of Diagnosis and Assessment = 15
II. THE SYNDROME SEEN DEVELOPMENTALLY
CHAPTER 2. INFANCY, TODDLER, PRESCHOOLER = 21
Crying = 23
Sleep Difficulties = 23
Vocalization = 24
Feeding Difficulties = 24
Appearance = 24
Smiling = 25
Cuddling = 25
Effect of the "Difficult" Infant and Toddler on the Mother-Child Relationship = 25
The Preschooler = 27
Treatment of Hyperactive Preschoolers = 31
CHAPTER 3. THE HYPERACTIVE CHILD IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL = 35
Problems Related to Activity = 36
Attentional Difficulties = 37
Impufsimly = 40
Reinforcement Issues in the Learning of Hyperactive Children = 41
Poor School Achievement = 42
Poor Self-Esteem and Depression = 43
Difficulties in Social Interactions at Home and at School = 44
Peer and Teacher Relationships = 44
Treatment = 45
CHAPTER 4. HYPERACTIVES AS ADOLESCENTS = 50
Retrospective Studies = 53
Prospective Studies = 55
III. ADULTHOOD
CHAPTER 5. THE ADULT HYPERACTIVE: PSYCHIATRIC STATUS = 61
Retrospective Studies = 62
Fallow-Back Studies = 64
Ten-Year Prospective Controlled Follow-Up Study from the Montreal Children's Hospital = 66
Fifteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study from the Montreal Children's Hospital = 70
Similarities and Differences of the Various Studies of Adult Outcome = 81
CHAPTER 6. ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR = 84
Adolescent Outcome Studies: Prospective and Retrospective = 84
Studies of Families of Hyperactives = 87
Adult Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Histories Suggesting Childhood Hyperactivify = 88
Adult Outcome Studies of Hyperactive Children: Prospective and Retrospective = 90
Ten-Year Prospective Controlled Follow-Up Study = 93
Fifteen-Year Controlled Prospective Follow-Up Study = 97
Limitations of Specific Diagnostic Criteria Scales = 103
Similar and Divergent Findings = 104
Summary = 105
CHAPTER 7. VALUES AND BELIEFS = 107
Results = 107
Discussion = 113
CHAPTER 8. DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE = 118
Follow-Up Studies of Adolescent Hyperaclives: Prospective and Retrospective = 119
Studies of Adult Psychiatric Patients (Including Alcoholics) with Possible Histories of Childhood Hyperactivity = 122
Studies of families of Hyperactive Children = 124
Follow-Up Studies of Adult Hyperactives: Prospective and Retrospective = 125
Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse at Ten-Year hllow-Up = 129
Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse at Fifteen-Year Follow-Up = 136
CHAPTER 9. WORK RECORD = 142
Fifteen-Year Follow-Up: Work Status = 144
CHAPTER 10. SELF-ESTEEM AND SOCIAL SKILLS = 150
Adolescent Follow-Up Studies = 150
Adult Follow-Up Studies = 153
Ten-Year Foltow-Up Study = 154
Fifteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up = 158
CHAPTER 11. PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES = 162
Physiological Differences in Hyperactive Children = 163
Physiological Measures in Adulthood = 169
CHAPTER 12. FAMILIES OF HYPERACTIVES = 180
Sibling Studies = 180
Parental Studies: Interactional Aspects = 183
Parental Studies: Genetic Aspects = 186
Long-Term Follow-Up of Families of Hyperactive Children = 189
Summary = 204
CHAPTER 13. LIFE-STYLES AND ILLUSTRATIVE CASE HISTORIES = 205
fairly Normal Outcome Group = 205
Group with Continuing Symptoms of the Hyperactive Syndrome and／or Social, Emotional, and Interpersonal Problems = 209
Group with More Serious Psychiatric or Antisocial Disturbance = 214
Conclusions = 218
IV. PREDICTIVE FACTORS
CHAPTER 14. PREDICTIVE FACTORS PERTAINING TO THE CHILD = 221
Introduction = 221
Child's Age at Referral = 222
Degree of Central Nervous System Abnormality = 222
IQ or Intelligence = 224
Symptoms at Referral = 226
CHAPTER 15. PREDICTIVE FACTORS PERTAINING TO THE FAMILY = 230
Mental Health of Family Members = 230
Parent-Child Relationship: Child-Rearing Practices = 232
Socioeconomic Status = 234
Overall family Functioning = 236
CHAPTER 16. PREDICTIVE FACTORS PERTAINING TO TREATMENT = 238
Psychotherapy, Counseling, Remedial Education = 238
Drug Treatment = 240
Young Adult Outcome of Hyperaclives Who Received Long-Term Stimulant Treatment in Childhood = 242
CHAPTER 17. INTERRELATIONSHIP OF VARIOUS PREDICTIVE FACTORS = 257
Results = 259
Discussion and Summary = 268
V. TREATMENT ISSUES
CHAPTER 18. CLINICAL VIGNETTES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY AT DIFFERENT AGES = 275
Case Example: Derrick = 276
Case Example: David = 277
Case Example: Randy = 277
Case Example: Henry = 278
Case Example: Jimmy = 278
CHAPTER 19. THE EFFICACY OF MEDICATION ON HYPERACTIVE ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS = 281
Stimulant Therapy of Hyperactive Adolescents = 281
Stimulant Therapy of Hyperactive Adults = 284
VI. THE HYPERACTIVE ADULT LOOKS BACK
CHAPTER 20. ADULT HYPERACTIVE SUBJECTS' VIEW OF THEIR TREATMENT IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE = 293
Types of Comments Made Regarding Parents = 295
Types of Comments Made Regarding Teachers = 295
Types of Comments Made about Maturation = 296
Types of Responses Rsgarding the Effect of Medication = 296
Impressions from the Subjects' Responses = 299
Summary = 300
CHAPTER 21. LOOKING BACK: REMINISCENCES FROM CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE / lan Murray = 301
VII. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
CHAPTER 22. RECENT BIOLOGICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES = 329
Genetic Studies of Children with ADHD = 329
Neurobiological Developments = 336
Comorbidity and Subgroups of Children = 345
CHAPTER 23. MEDICATION TREATMENT OF ADHD = 348
Prevalence of Stimulant Use = 348
History of Stimulant Use = 348
Effectiveness of Stimulants = 349
Adverse Effects (Side Effects) of Stimulants = 353
Long-Acting Stimulants = 358
Mechanism of Stimulant Action = 359
Stimulant Absorption and Metabolism = 359
Drug Interactions = 360
Nonstimulant Drugs in the Treatment of ADHD = 361
Conclusion = 365
CHAPTER 24. PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT OF ADHD = 366
Behavior Modification = 366
Parent Training = 369
Social Skills Interventions = 374
Academic Skills Training and Remediation = 376
Individual Psychotherapy = 377
Multimodal Treatment = 381
CHAPTER 25. ASSESSMENT, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF ADUIT ADHD = 384
Introduction: The Existence of Adult ADHD = 384
Diagnostic Assessment = 387
Clinical Assessment of Individual Symptoms = 391
Two Case Vignettes = 393
Differential Diagnosis = 398
Treatment of Adult ADHD = 400
CHAPTER 26. CONCLUSIONS = 407
REFERENCES = 413
AUTHOR INDEX = 457
SUBJECT INDEX = 469
