CONTENTS
Foreword = ⅹ
Preface = xi
CHAPTER ONE : Outline of the Theory = 1
1.1 The Problem of Semantics = 1
1.2 Semantic Representation and the Semantic Component = 3
1.3 The Katz-Postal Hypothesis = 5
1.4 On Choosing Between Two Theories = 10
1.5 Elements of Semantic Interpretation = 14
1.6 Well-Formedness Conditions on Semantic Interpretations = 17
1.7 Assumptions about the Syntax and the Lexicon = 21
1.8 A Remark on Motivating Rules = 23
CHAPTER TWO :Grammatical Relations and Functional Structure = 25
2.1 The Semantic Insufficiency of Grammatical Relations = 25
2.2 Thematic Relations = 29
2.3 Thematic Relations vs. Case Grammar = 34
2.4 Correlating Thematic Relations with Deep Structure = 36
2.5 The Thematic Hierarchy Condition = 43
CHAPTER THREE : Adverbs = 47
3.1 The Approach = 47
3.2 Some Distributional Classes of Adverbs = 49
3.3 Problems for a Syntactic Resolution of Adverb Classes = 51
3.4 The Orientation of Sentence Adverbs = 56
3.5 Some Syntax = 59
3.6 Transportability-An Aside = 67
3.7 Projection Rules for Nonstrictly Subcategorized Adverbs = 69
3.8 Refining the Projection Rules = 73
3.9 Subject Orientation, the Passive, and the Cycle = 82
3.10 S Adverbs and Subject-Aux Inversion = 84
3.11 Order of S Adverbs = 87
3.12 Generalization of the Projection Rules to PPs and Parenthetical s = 94
3.13 Modais = 100
3.14 Summary = 105
CHAPTER FOUR : Pronouns and Reflexives = 108
4.1 Introduction = 108
4.2 Conceptual Advantages = 109
4.3 Preliminary Statement of the Rules = 111
4.4 The Environment for Pronominalization = 117
4.5 The Ordering of Pronominalization = 121
4.6 Some Problems of Reflexivization = 131
4.7 The Environment for Reflexivization = 135
4.8 The Ordering of Reflexivization = 143
4.9 Some Unexpectedly Bad Cases ofRefiexivization-The So-Called Crossover Principle = 145
4.10 A Second Thematic Hierarchy Condition = 148
4.11 Some Unexpectedly Bad Cases of Pronominaiization-The Failure of the Crossover Principle = 159
4.12 Some Further Cases of Reflexivization = 163
4.13 Each Other = 168
4.14 Generalizing Pronominalization and Reflexivization = 174
CHAPTER FIVE : Corefercnce and the Complement System = 178
5.1 The Problem = 178
5.2 An Interpretive Rule = 179
5.3 Examples = 182
5.4 The Generality of the Complement Subject Rule, Reflexivization, and Pronominalization = 188
5.5 Interaction of the Complement Subject Rule with Movement Transformations = 197
5.6 Reflexives, Raising, and Pruning-More Evidence for Condition (B.a) = 203
5.7 The Behavior of Plurals in Coreference Rules = 205
5.8 Three Aspects of the Control Problem = 207
5.9 Networks of Obligatory Coreference = 210
5.10 When There Is a Unique Controller = 212
5.11 The Position of the Obligatory Controller = 214
5.12 Agents Not Conditioned by the Verb of Their Clause = 219
5.13 Summary = 225
5.14 Appendix = 226
CHAPTER SIX : Focus and Presupposition = 229
6.1 Focus and Presupposition in Yes-No Questions = 229
6.2 Stress Assignment and Focus = 237
6.3 The Nonsyntactic Basis of Contrast = 242
6.4 A More Precise Hypothesis of Presupposition and Assertion = 245
6.5 Association with Focus = 247
6.6 Negation : Preliminary Account = 254
6.7 Two Intonation Contours = 258
6.8 VP-Anaphora = 265
6.9 Anaphoric Expressions for Presuppositions = 272
6.10 Inherent Presuppositions = 276
6.11 Summary = 278
CHAPTER SEVEN : Modal Structure = 279
7.1 Want Contexts = 279
7.2 A Solution for Want Contexts = 284
7.3 The Theory of Modal Structure = 291
7.4 Some Other Modal Operators = 295
7.5 The Effect of Modal Operators on Clauses = 310
7.6 Questions = 314
7.7 Conclusion = 320
CHAPTER EIGHT : Negation = 321
8.1 Klima's Rules for Negation = 321
8.2 Counterexamples to the Katz-Postal Hypothesis = 325
8.3 Some and Any = 336
8.4 The Syntax of Negative Constituents = 341
8.5 A Reinterpretation ofKlima's Analysis = 348
8.6 Association with Focus Again = 352
8.7 Neither-rags = 362
8.8 Proposed Negatives and Inversions = 364
CHAPTER NINE : Consequences for the Transformational Cycle = 370
CHAPTER TEN : Conclusions and Hypotheses = 377
10.1 The Organization of the Grammar = 377
10-2 Constraints on Possible Grammars = 379
10.3 Why Are There Transformations? = 384
Bibliography = 387
Index = 395
Index of Rules Mentioned = 399
