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1. Macroeconometric Models with Quantity Rationing.- 1.1. Non-Walrasian Economic Concepts.- 1.1.1. Institutional framework: the rationing scheme.- 1.1.2. Perceived and expected constraints.- 1.1.3. Effective demand and notional demand. The spill-over effects.- 1.1.4. Equilibrium with rationing and the formalisation in terms of equilibrium.- 1.2. A Reference Macroeconomic Model.- 1.2.1. The general framework.- 1.2.1.1. The accounting framework.- 1.2.1.2. The assumptions about rationing.- 1.2.2. The microeconomic foundations.- 1.2.2.1. Households' behaviour.- - Derivation of the utility function UH.- - Consumption and labour supply functions.- - An example.- - A graphical illustration.- 1.2.2.2. Firms' behaviour.- 1.2.3. The complete model.- 1.2.3.1. The determination of production and employment.- 1.2.3.2. The model's answer to exogenous shocks and the importance of the typology of regimes.- 1.3. A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Structural Changes.- 1.4. The Problems in Specifying a Macroeconometric Model with Quantity Rationing.- 1.4.1. The rationing scheme in the labour market.- 1.4.2. The specification of spill-over effects.- 1.4.3. The exiguity of the accounting framework.- 1.5. A Survey of the Macroeconometric Models with Quantity Rationing.- Conclusion.- Notes.- 2: The Suggested Model.- 2.1. General Structure and Overview.- 2.1.1. The assumptions regarding the behaviour of agents.- 2.1.2. The determination of production and employment.- 2.1.3. The interpretation scheme and the regime typology.- 2.1.4. The fundamental role of production function.- 2.2. The Specfication of the Production Function.- 2.2.1. The choice of the specification.- 2.2.2. The specification adopted.- 2.2.2.1. Formalization and meaning of the variables.- 2.2.2.2. Obsolescence: The scrapping condition.- 2.2.3. The functioning of the production function in the Keynesian regime case.- 2.3. The Specification of the Complete Model.- 2.3.1. Block 1-Demand.- 2.3.2. Block 2-Production capacity.- 2.3.3. Block 3-Labour supply.- 2.3.4. Block 4-Effective production and employment.- 2.4. Structural Change and External Disequilibria.- 2.4.1. Structural change.- 2.4.2. External disequilibria.- Conclusion.- Notes.- 3. Econometric Study of Models with Unknown Points of Structural Change.- 3.1. A Survey of the Estimation Techniques in the Case of Two-regime Regression Models.- 3.1.1. The general formulation of switching regression models (SRM) and the adopted notation.- 3.1.2. The SRM typology.- 3.1.2.1. SRM with stochastic assignment.- - The log-likelihood function (L).- - The direct maximisation of L not being advisable.- - leads to the utilisation of other approaches.- 3.1.2.2. SRM with deterministic assignment.- - The structural change tests in a particularly interesting case.- - The general case.- 3.1.2.3. SRM with mixed assignment.- 3.1.3. Application to the estimation of quantity rationing models (QRM).- 3.1.3.1. QRM with stochastic assignment.- - A complex liklihood function.- - which is not appropriate for optimisation methods.- 3.1.3.2. QRM with deterministic assignment.- - A non-dijferentiable likelihood function.- - ... leads, in general, to the utilisation of approximations.- 3.1.3.3. Some considerations about the choice of the stochastic specification in a macroeconometric rationing model.- 3.2. The Estimation Method Suggested.- 3.2.1. The complete model.- 3.2.2. The estimation difficulties.- 3.2.2.1. The problem of endogenous variables not statistically observed.- 3.2.2.2. The existence of the min operator.- 3.2.2.3.The non-derivability of the production function.- 3.2.3. The estimation procedure.- 3.2.4. The justification of the estimation method.- 3.2.4.1. Consistent estimators.- 3.2.4.2. An estimation of Clay-Clay model without restrictive assumptions.- - The current estimations of the Clay-Clay model.- - Comparative analysis.- Conclusion.- Notes.- 4. Empirical Application: A Study of the Economic Consequences of the Portuguese Revolution o

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