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CONTENTS
Foreword = ⅰ
Table of Contents = ⅱ
FIRST PART － GENERAL SURVEY OF THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES
 1. Introduction = 3
 2. The concept of "international water resources" and other definitions generally used in the practice of States and by the most highly qualified publicists = 4
 3. Evolution of the law of international water resources = 6
 4. The multiplicity of law­making processes concerning the law of international water resources, and their value = 9
 5. International conventions = 9
 6. Custom in international water resources law = 12
 7. Codification of international water resources law = 13
 8. The law­making activity of the European Communities in the field of water resources = 15
 9. General principles of law as applied to international water resources = 16
 10. Resolutions of intergovernmental organizations containing declarations of principles on international water resources = 17
 11. Contribution of judicial decisions = 18
 12. Contribution of the most highly qualified publicists to the development of international water resources law = 21
SECOND PART ­ DOCUMENTS RELEVANT TO THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES
 1. International Conventions = 25
  1.1 International conventions of universal application = 27
  1.2 Proposed International conventions of universal application = 31
  1.3 International conventions of regional application = 59
  1.4 Proposed international conventions of regional application = 69
 2. Rules of the European Economic Community（EEC） = 83
 3. Declarations of principles and resolutions of intergovernmental organizations = 137
  3.1 The United Nations System = 139
  3.2 Other Intergovernmental Organizations and Conferences = 179
 4. Summary of Decisions by international tribunals, including Arbitral Awards, and list of selected decisions by national tribunals = 217
  4.1 International tribunals = 219
  4.2 Arbitral awards = 231
  4.3 List of selected decisions by national tribunals, by countries = 253
 5. Teachings and studies made by international nongovernmental organizations = 265
  5.1 Institute of International Law = 267
  5.2 International Law Association = 285
  5.3 Inter－American Bar Association = 315
  5.4 International Association for Water Law = 321
FIRST PART － GENERAL SURVEY OF THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES
 1. Introduction = 3
 2. The concept of "international water resources" and other definitions generally used in the practice of States and "by the most highly qualified publicists = 4
 3. Evolution of the law of international water resources = 6
 4. The multiplicity of law－ making processes concerning the law of international water resources, and their value = 9
 5. International conventions = 9
 5.1 General conventions（of universal or regional application） = 10
 5.2 Particular conventions = 11
 6. Custom in international water resources law = 12
 7. Codification of international water resources law = 13
 8. The law－ making activity of the European Communities in the field of water resources = 15
 9. General principles of law as applied to international water resources = 16
 10. Resolutions of intergovernmental organizations containing declarations of principles on international water resources = 17
 11. Contribution of judicial decisions = 18
  11.1 Decisions of international tribunals, including arbitral awards = 18
  11.2 Decisions of national tribunals = 20
 12. Contribution of the most highly qualified publicists to the development of international water resources law = 21
SECOND PART － DOCUMENTS RELEVANT TO THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES
 1. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS = 25
  1.1 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS OF UNIVERSAL APPLICATION = 27
   1.1.1 General Treaty－Vienna, 9 June 1815 = 29
   1.1.2 Convention and Statute on the regime of navigable waterways of international concern－Barcelona, 20 April 1921 = 31
    1.1.2.1 The Convention = 31
    1.1.2.2 The Statute = 34
    1.1.2.3 Additional Protocol = 42
    1.1.2.4 Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea－ coast = 44
   1.1.3 Convention relating to the Development of Hydraulic Power affecting more than one State and Protocol of Signature－Geneva,9 December 1923 = 45
    1.1.3.1 The Convent ion = 45
    1.1.3.2 Protocol of Signature = 50
   1.1.4 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（GATT） － Geneva, 30 October 1947 = 51
   1.1.5 Convention on Transit Trade of Land－ Looked States － New York, 8 July 1965 = 53
  1.2 PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS OF UNIVERSAL APPLICATION = 55
   1.2.1 International Law Commission of the United. Nations : Draft articles on the law of the non－ navigational uses of international watercourses － Geneva, 17 July 1980 = 58
  1.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS OF REGIONAL APPLICATION = 59
   1.3.1 Africa = 61
    1.3.1.1 African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources － Algiers, 15 September 1968 = 61
   1.3.2 America = 62
  1.3－ 2.1 Act of Asuncion on the Use of International Rivers（Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Faraway, Uruguay） － 3 June 1971 = 68
   1.3.3 Europe = 64
   1.3.3.1 European Agreement on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Detergents in Washing and Cleaning Products － Strasbourg,16 September 1968 = 64
  1.4 PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS OF REGIONAL APPLICATION = 69
   1.4.1 America = 71
    1.4.1.1 Organization of American States : Draft Convention on the Industrial and Agricultural Use of International Rivers and Lakes － Rio de Janeiro, 1 September 1965 = 71
   1.4.2 Europe = 74
    1.4.2.1 Council of Europe : Draft European Convention for the Protection of International Watercourses against Pollution－ Strasbourg, February 1974 = 74
 2. RULES OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY（EEC） = 83
  2.1 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 22 November 1973 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States relating to Detergents（73 ／ 404 ／ EEG） = 85
  2.2 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 22 November 1973 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States relating to Methods of Testing the Biodegradability of Anionic Surfactants（73 ／ 405 ／ EEC） = 88
  2.3 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 16 June 1975 concerning the Quality required of Surface Water intended for the Abstraction of Drinking Water in the Member States（75 ／ 440 ／ EEC） = 90
  2.4 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 8 December 1975 concerning the Quality of Bathing Water（76 ／ 160 ／ EEC） = 95
  2.5 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 4 : May 1976 on Pollution caused by Certain Dangerous Substances Discharged into the Aquatic Environment of the Community（76 ／ 464 ／ EEC） = 101
  2.6 COUNCIL DECISION of 12 December 1977 establishing a Common Procedure for the Exchange of Information on the Quality of Surface Fresh Water in the Community（77 ／ 795 ／ EEC） = 110
  2.7 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 18 July 1978 on the Quality of Fresh Waters Needing Protection or Improvement in order to Support Fish Life（78 ／ 659 ／ EEC） = 114
  2.8 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 17 December 1979 on the Protection of Groundwater against Pollution caused by Certain Dangerous Substances（80 ／ 68 ／ EEC） = 120
  2.9 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 15 July 1980 relating to the Quality of Water intended for Human Consumption（80 ／ 778 ／ EEC） = 128
 3. DECLARATIONS OF PRINCIPLES AND RESOLUTIONS OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS = 137
  3.1 SHE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM = 139
   3.1.1 Economic Commission for Europe : Recommendation No. 2 submitted to Governments by the Committee on Electric Power with a view to facilitating the hydroelectric development of contiguous rivers and lakes － Geneva, 3 October 1951 = 141
   3.1.2 Economic Commission for Europe : Recommendation No. 4 submitted to Governments by the Committee on Electric Power with a view to promoting the hydroelectric development of successive rivers in Europe － Geneva, 26 May 1954 = 143
   3.1.3 Economic Commission for Europe : Resolution No. 10（XXl）, Declaration of policy on water pollution － Geneva, 29 April 1966 = 144
   3.1.4 Proposals of Panel of Experts on the Legal and Institutional Aspects of International Water Resources Development－ New York, 9 December 1969 = 145
   3.1.5 Economic Commission for Europe : Recommendation to ECE Governments concerning the protection of ground and surface waters against pollution by oil and oil products － approved by the Committee on Water Problems － Geneva, 1970 = 148
   3.1.6 Economic Commission for Europe : Recommendation to ECE Governments concerning river basin management － approved by the Committee on Water Problems － Geneva, 1971 = 150
   3.1.7 Economic Commission for Europe : Recommendation to the Governments of Southern European Countries concerning Selected Water Problems － approved, by the Committee on Water Problems － Geneva, 1972 = 152
   3.1.8 Declarations of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment － Stockholm, 16 June 1972 = 154
   3.1.9 United Nations General Assembly : Resolution 2995（XXVIl） on Cooperation between .States in the Field of － the Environment － New York, 15 December 1972 = 157
   3.1.10 United Nations General Assembly : Resolution 2996（XXVII） on International Responsibility of States in regard to the Environment － New York, 15 December 1972 = 158
   3.1.11 United Nations General Assembly : Resolution 3129（XXVIIl） on Cooperation in the Field of the Environment concerning Natural Resources shared by two or more States － New York, 13 December 1973 = 159
   3.1.12 United Nations General Assembly : Resolution 3281（XXIX） on Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States － New York, 12 December 1974 = 160
   3.1.13 Declarations and Resolutions of the United Nations Water Conference － Mar del Plata, March 1977 = 164
   3.1.14 Declarations of the United Nations Conference on － Desertification Nairobi, 9 September 1977 = 170
   3.1.15 United Nations Environment Programme : Governing Council Decision 6 ／ 14, Draft Principles of Conduct in the Field of the Environment for the Guidance of States in the Conservation and Harmonious Utilization of Natural Resources shared by two or more States － Nairobi, 19 May 1978 = 171
   3.1.16 United Nations General Assembly : Resolution 33 ／ 87 on Cooperation in the Field of the Environment concerning Natural Resources shared by two or more States － New York, 15 December 1978 = 175
   3.1.17 United Nations General Assembly : Resolution 34 ／ 186 on Cooperation in the Field of the Environment concerning Natural Resources shared by two or more States － New York,18 December 1979 = 176
  3.2 OTHER INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONFERENCES = 179
   3.2.1 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD） = 181
    3.2.1.1 Recommendation of the Council on Principles concerning Transfrontier Pollution － Paris, 14 November 1974 = 181
    3.2.1.2 Recommendation of the Council on Equal Right of Access in relation to Transfontier Pollution － Paris, 11 May 1976 = 186
    3.2.1.3 Recommendation of the Council for the Implementation of a Regime of Equal Right of Access and Non－ Discrimination in relation to Transfrontier Pollution － Paris, 17 May 1977 = 188
    3.2.1.4 Recommendation of the Council on Water Management Policies and Instruments － Paris, 5 April 1978 = 192
   3.2.2 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe = 198
    3.2.2.1 Final Act － Helsinki, 1st August 1975 = 198
   3.2.3 Asian－ African Legal, Consultative Committee = 201
    3.2.3.1 Draft Proposition on the Law of International Rivers － New Delhi, 18 January 1973 = 201
   3.2.4 Pan－ American .Union, Organization, of American States = 204
    3.2.4.1 Declaration concerning the Industrial and Agricultural Use of International Rivers － Seventh Inter－ American Conference － Montevideo, 24 December 1933 = 204
    3.2.4.2 Inter－ American Economic and Social Council, Resolution 24－ M／66 on Control and Economic Utilization of Hydrographic Basins and Streams in Latin America － Buenos Aires, 1966 = 206
   3.2.5 Council of Europe = 207
    3.2.5.1 Consultative Assembly, Recommendation 436（1965） on Fresh Water Pollution Control in Europe － 1 October 1965 = 207
    3.2.5.2 European Water Charter － Strasbourg, 1967 = 210
    3.2.5.3 Consultative Assembly, Recommendation 629（1971） on the Pollution of the Rhine Water－ Table－ Strasbourg, 22 January 1971 = 214
 4. SUMMARY OF DECISIONS BY INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS, INCLUDING ARBITRAL AWARDS, AND LIST OF SELECTED DECISIONS BY NATIONAL TRIBUNALS = 217
  4.1 INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS = 219
   4.1.1 Permanent Court of International Justice = 221
    4.1.1.1 Jurisdiction of the European Commission of the Danube between Galatz and Braila, Advisory Opinion of 8 December 1927 = 221
    4.1.1.2 Case relating to the territorial jurisdiction of the International Commission of the River Oder, Judgement of 10 September 1929 = 224
    4.1.1.3 The Oscar Chinn case, Judgement of 12 December 1934 = 227
    4.1.1.4 The Diversion of Water from the Meuse, Judgement of 28 June 1937 = 229
  4.2 ARBITRAL AWARDS = 231
   4.2.1 Helmand River Delta Case － Arbitral Awards of 19 August 1872 and 10 April 1905 = 233
    4.2.1.1 Award of 19 August 1872 = 233
    4.2.1.2 Award of 10 April 1905 = 234
   4.2.2 San Juan River Case － Award of 22 March 1888 rendered by Grover Cleveland, President of the United States of America = 235
   4.2.3 Kushk River Case － Award of 22 August（3 September） 1893 rendered by an Anglo－ Russian Commission = 237
   4.2.4 Faber Case － Award rendered by the umpire. Henry M. Duffield, appointed by a Germa－ n－ Venezuelan Mixed Claims Commission, in 1903 = 238
   4.2.5 Tacna－ Arioa Case － Award of 4 March 1925, rendered by President Calvin Coolidge = 240
   4.2.6 Trail Smelter Case － Awards of 16 April 1938 and 11 March 1941 rendered by an arbitral tribunal = 242
    4.2.6.1 Award of 16 April 1938 = 242
    4.2.6.2 Decision of 11 March 1941 = 243
   4.2.7 Zarumilla River Case － Arbitral award rendered by the Chancellery of Brazil, 14 July 1945 = 245
   4.2.8 Lake Lanoux Case － Award of 16 November 1957 rendered by an Arbitral Tribunal = 246
   4.2.9 Gut Dam Case － Decisions rendered by the Lake Ontario Claims Tribunal = 249
    4.2.9.1 Decision of 15 January 1968 = 250
    4.2.9.2 Decision of 12 February 1968 = 250
    4.2.9.3 Decision of 27 September 1968 = 251
  4.3 LIST OF SELECTED DECISIONS BY NATIONAL TRIBUNALS, BY COUNTRIES = 253
   4.3.1 Austria = 255
    4.3.1.1 Imperial Royal Administrative Court, Vienna, 11 January 1913, Wiener－ Neustadt Ship Canal － Hungary v. Austria = 255
   4.3.2 Germany = 256
    4.3.2.1 German Constitutional Law Court, 17－ 18 June 1927, W$$\ddot u$$rttemberg and. Prussia v. Baden, "Donauversinkung" = 256
    4.3.2.2 Court of Appeal of Karlsruhe, 25 November 1931, Rhine Navigation. Commission Case = 256
   4.3.3 India = 257
    4.3.3.1 Rau Commission, 13 July 1942, Sind v. Punjab = 257
    4.3.3.2 High Court of Madras, 24 February 1953, AMSSVM and Co. v. The State of Madras and another = 257
    4.3.3.3 Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal, 1969, Maharashtra Mysore and Andra Pradesh = 257
    4.3.3.4 Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal 1969 Mysore, Maharashtra. Orissa, Madhija Pradesh, Andra Pradesh = 257
    4.3.3.5 Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal, 1969, Madhja Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat Maharashtra. = 257
   4.3.4 Italy = 258
    4.3.4.1 Court of Cassation（United Sections）, 13 February 1939, Soci$$\acute e$$t$$\acute e$$ Energie Electrique du Littorel M$$\acute e$$ditterran$$\acute e$$en v. Compagnia Imprese Elettriche Liguri = 258
   4.3.5 Netherlands = 259
    4.3.5.1 Supreme Court, 17 December 1934, Mannheim Convention,（Holland） Cage = 259
    4.3.5.2 District Court of Rotterdam, 9 June 1944, N.V. Verzekering Maatschappij Rotterdam v. Franz Hamel and. C. Gambh of Duisburg－Ruhrzrork = 259
    4.3.5.3 District Court of Dordrecht, 19 April 1950, The Maas case = 259
    4.3.5.4 District Court of The Hague, 1 March 1950, 13 June 1951, Sliedrecht Insurance Company and Engelaar v. State of the Netherlands = 259
    4.3.5.5 District Court of The Hague, 29 November 1950, Court of Appeal of The Hague, 27 June 1951, Supreme Court, 25 January 1952, Bohn and Chantiers Naval du Rupel v. State of The Netherlands = 259
    4.3.5.6 District Court of Rotterdam, 17 December 1952, The Vredeburg v. The Saulia Donu = 259
    4.3.5.7 District Court of Rotterdam, 17 April 1953, Swiss Corporation Tanutra v. Nederlandsche Rijnvaartvereeniging = 259
    4.3.5.8 District Court of Rotterdam, 21 May 1953 Supreme Court, 4 May 1954, Public Prosecutor v. J. De B. = 259
    4.3.5.9 District Court of Rotterdam, 14 January 1954, Ndedrlandsche Rijnvaartvereenigiag v. Damco Scheepvaart Maatschappij = 259
    4.3.5.10 District Court of Rotterdam, 9 April 1954, Geervliet v. Belgian Corporation Scheepswerf de Dusme = 259
   4.3.6 Switzerland = 260
    4.3.6.1 Federal Court, 12 January 1878, Aargau v. Zurich = 260
    4.3.6.2 Federal Court, 9 November 1897, Zurich v. Schaffhausen = 260
   4.3.7 U.S.A = 261
    4.3.7.1 Supreme Court, 1901. Missouri v. Illinois, Missi$$s^s$$ippi River Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.2 Supreme Court, 1902, Kansas v. Colorado, Kansas River Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.3 Supreme Court, 1906, Missouri v. Illinois, Missi$$s^s$$ippi River Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.4 Supreme Court, 1907, Kansas v. Colorado, Kansas River Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.5 Supreme Court, 1921, New York v. Mew Jersey, New York. Harbor Litigation. = 261
    4.3.7.6 Supreme Court, 1922, Wyoming v. Colorado, Lusanie River Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.7 Supreme Court, 1923, North Dakota, v. Minnesota, Bois de Sioux River Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.8 Supreme Court, 1927, New York v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.9 Supreme Court, 1929, Wisconsin v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.10 Supreme Court, 1930, Wisconsin v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.11 Supreme Court, 1931, New Jersey v. New York, Delaware River Litigation = 261
    4.3.7.12 Supreme Court, 1931, Connecticut v. Massachussets, Connecticut River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.13 Supreme Court, 1931, Arizona v. California, Colorado River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.14 Supreme Court, 1932, Wyoming v. Colorado, Lusanie River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.15 Supreme Court,1933, Wisconsin v. Illinois Great Lakes Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.16 Supreme Court, 1934, Arizona v. California, Colorado River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.17 Supreme Court, 1935 Nebraska v. Wyoming, North Platte River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.18 Supreme Court, 1936, Washington v. Oregon, Walla Walla River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.19 Supreme Court, 1936, Wyoming v. Colorado, Lusanie River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.20 Supreme Court, 1936, Arizona v. California, Colorado River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.21 Supreme Court, 1940, Wyoming v. Colorado, Lusanie, River Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.22 Supreme Court, 1940, Wisconsin v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 262
    4.3.7.23 Supreme Court, 1940, Wisconsin v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.24 Supreme Court, 1941, Wisconsin v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.25 Supreme Court, 1943, Colorado v. Kansas, Kansas River Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.26 Supreme Court, 1945, Nebraska v. Wyoming, North Platte River Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.27 Supreme Court, 1956, Wisconsin v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.28 Supreme Court, 1957, Wisconsin v. Illinois, Great Lakes Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.29 Supreme Court, 1957, Wyoming v. Colorado, Lusanie River Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.30 Supreme Court, 1963, Arizona v. California, Colorado River Litigation = 263
    4.3.7.31 Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, 30 September 1955, Hidalgo County Water Control and Improvement District No. 7 et al. v. Heidrick et al. = 263
    4.3.7.32 Court of Claims, 12 July 1956, Falcon Dam Constructors et al. v. U.S.A. = 263
    4.3.7.33 Supreme Judicial Court, Maine, 18 May 1954, Advisory Opinion of the Justices of the Supreme Court, Meduxnekkag River Basin Case = 263
 5. TEACHINGS AND STUDIES MADE BY INTERNATIONAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS = 265
  5.1 INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW = 267
   5.1.1 International Regulation on River Navigation － Resolution of Heidelberg, 9 September 1887 = 269
   5.1.2 International Regulation regarding the Use of International Watercourses for Purposes other than Navigation － Declaration of Madrid, 20 April 1911 = 274
   5.1.3 Regulation governing Navigation on International Rivers－ Resolution of Paris, 19 October 1934 = 276
   5.1.4 Resolution on the Use of International Non－ Maritime Waters － Salzbourg, 11 September 1961 = 280
   5.1.5 Resolution on the Pollution of Rivers and. Lakes and International Law － Athens, 12 September 1979 = 282
  5.2 INTERNATIONAL LAW ASSOCIATION = 285
   5.2.1 Statement of Principles － Resolution of Dubrovnik, 1956 = 287
   5.2.2 Resolution on the Use of the Waters of International Rivers － New York, 1958 = 288
   5.2.3 Recommendation on the Procedures concerning Non－ Navigational Uses － Hamburg, August 1960 = 290
   5.2.4 Recommendation on Pollution Control（Further to New York 1958 Recommendation 8）－ Hamburg, August I960 = 292
   5.2.5 The Helsinki－Rules = 293
   5.2.5.1 The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers Helsinki, August 1966 = 293
    5.2.5.2 Articles on Flood Control － New York, 1972 = 301
    5.2.5.3 Articles on Marine Pollution of Continental Origin － New York, August 1972 = 303
    5.2.5.4 Maintenance and Improvement of Naturally Navigable Waterways separating or traversing several States － New Delhi, 4 January 1975 = 305
    5.2.5.5 Resolution on the Protection of Water Resources and Water Installations in times of Armed Conflict － Madrid, 1976 = 306
    5.2.5.6 Resolution on International Water Resources Administration － Madrid, 1976 = 308
    5.2.5.7 Regulation of the Flow of Water of International Watercourses － Beograd, 1980 = 312
    5.2.5.8 Articles on the Relationship between Water, Other Natural Resources and the Environment － Beograd, 1980 = 314
  5.3 INTER－ AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION = 315
   5.3.1 Declaration of Buenos Aires － 19 November 1957 = 317
   5.3.2 Resolutions of San Jos$$\acute e$$ － April 1967 = 319
   5.3.2 Resolution of Caracas － 8 November 1969 = 320
  5.4 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR WATER LAW = 321
   5.4.1 Recommendations of the Caracas Conference on Water Law and Administration － 14 February 1976 = 323