CONTENTS
Preface = xi
Acknowledgements = xii
Abbreviations and Symbols = xiii
Chart of Phonetic Symbols (International Phonetic Alphabet: IPA) = xiv
PART Ⅰ BACKGROUND
Chapter 1 Introduction = 3
1.1 The Emergence of Morphology = 3
1.2 Morphology in American Structural Linguistics = 3
1.3 The Concept of Chomskyan Generative Grammar = 5
1.3.1 The place of morphology in early generative grammar = 10
1.3.2 The morphology-phonology interaction = 13
1.3.3 The morphology-syntax interaction = 13
1.4 Organization of the Book = 15
Chapter 2 Introduction to Word-structure = 17
2.1 What is a Word? = 17
2.1.1 The lexeme = 17
2.1.2 Word-form = 18
2.1.3 The grammatical word = 19
2.2 Morphemes: the Smallest Units of Meaning = 19
2.2.1 Analysing words = 21
2.2.2 Morphemes, morphs and allomorphs = 23
2.2.3 Grammatical conditioning, lexical conditioning and suppletion = 30
2.2.4 Underlying representations = 31
2.3 The Nature of Morphemes = 34
2.4 Summary = 38
Chapter 3 Types of Morphemes = 41
3.1 Roots, Affixes, Stems and Bases = 41
3.1.1 Roots = 41
3.1.2 Affixes = 44
3.1.3 Roots, stems and Bases = 45
3.1.4 Stem extenders = 46
3.2 Inflectional and Derivational Morphemes = 47
3.3 Multiple Affixation = 52
3.4 Compounding = 54
3.5 Conversion = 54
3.6 Morphological Typology = 56
3.7 WP and the Centrality of the Word = 60
Chapter 4 Productivity in Word-Formation = 65
4.1 The Open-endedness of the Lexicon = 65
4.1.1 What is productivity? = 66
4.1.2 Semi-productivity = 71
4.1.3 Productivity and creativity = 72
4.2 Constraints on Productivity = 73
4.2.1 Blocking = 73
4.3 Does Productivity Separate Inflection from Derivation? = 79
4.4 The Nature of the Lexicon = 82
4.4.1 Potential words = 82
4.4.2 Knowledge of language and the role of the lexicon = 82
PART Ⅱ MORPHOLOGY AND ITS RELATION TO THE LEXICON AND PHONOLOGY
Chapter 5 Introducing Lexical Morphology = 89
5.1 The Lexical Phonology and Morphology Model = 89
5.2 Lexical Strata = 89
5.2.1 Derivation in lexical morphology = 92
5.2.2 Inflection in lexical morphology = 100
5.3 Lexical Rules = 104
5.4 Differences between Lexical and Post-lexical Rules = 106
Chapter 6 Insights from Lexical Morphology = 111
6.1 Introduction = 111
6.2 Insights from Lexical Morphology = 111
6.2.1 Stratum ordering reflecting morpheme scquencing = 113
6.2.2 Stratum ordering and productivity = 118
6.2.3 Stratum ordering and conversion = 120
6.2.4 The Strict Cycle Condition = 123
Chapter 7 Lexical Morphology: An Appraisal = 133
7.1 Introduction: The Claims made by Lexical Phonology = 133
7.2 Criticisms of Lexical Phonology = 133
7.2.1 Are lexical strata determined by affixes rather than roots? = 134
7.2.2 Do affixes uniquely belong to one stratum? = 135
7.2.3 How many strata are needed? = 139
7.2.4 Are phonological rules restricted to one stratum? = 140
7.2.5 Are morphological rules restricted to one stratum? = 143
7.3 Conclusion = 151
Chapter 8 Prosodic Morphology = 154
8.1 Introduction = 154
8.2 Phonological Prelude: Autosegmental Phonology = 154
8.2.1 Autosegmental phonology: mapping principles = 155
8.2.2 The skeletal tier = 160
8.3 Prosodic Morphology = 163
8.3.1 Arabic Binyanim = 163
8.3.2 Prosodic morphology and nonconcatenative morphology = 165
8.3.3 The morpheme tier hypothesis = 172
8.4 Conclusion = 177
Chapter 9 Template and Prosodic Morphology = 180
9.1 What is Reduplication? = 180
9.2 Is Reduplication Constituent Copying? = 182
9.3 CV-templates and Reduplication = 184
9.3.1 Underspecification = 184
9.3.2 Reduplication as prefixation = 186
9.3.3 Reduplication as suffixation = 189
9.3.4 Internal reduplication = 191
9.3.5 Prosodic Morphology = 192
9.4 Metathesis = 197
9.5 Conclusion = 200
PART Ⅲ MORPHOLOGY AND ITS RELATION TO THE LEXICON AND SYNTAX
Chapter 10 Inflectional Morphology = 205
10.1 Introduction = 205
10.2 Inflection and Derivation = 205
10.2.1 Differentiating between inflection and derivation = 206
10.2.2 Relevance and generality = 212
10.2.3 Is morphology necessary? = 217
10.3 Verbal Inflectional Categories = 220
10.3.1 Inherent verbal properties = 220
10.3.2 Agreement properties of verbs = 225
10.3.3 Configurational properties of verbs = 227
10.4 Inflectional Categories of Nouns = 233
10.4.1 Inherent categories of nouns = 233
10.4.2 Agreement categories of nouns = 236
10.4.3 Configurational categories of nouns = 237
10.5 Clitics = 245
Chapter 11 Morphological Mapping of Grammatical Functions = 255
11.1 Introduction = 255
11.2 Predicates, Arguments and Lexical Entries = 255
11.3 Theta-roles and Lexical Entries = 256
11.4 Grammatical Relations = 262
11.5 Grammatical Function Changing Rules = 264
11.5.1 Passive = 267
11.5.2 Antipassive = 269
11.5.3 Applicative = 270
11.5.4 Causative = 274
11.6 The Mirror Principle = 275
11.7 Incorporation = 282
11.7.1 Noun incorporation = 283
11.7.3 Preposition incorporation = 285
11.8 Conclusion = 286
Chapter 12 Idioms and Compounds: The Interpenetration of the Lexicon, Morphology and Syntax = 291
12.1 Introduction : The Interface between Modules = 291
12.2 Phonological Factors in compounding = 292
12.3 Are Compounds Different from Syntactic Phrases? = 293
12.3.1 The notion 'word' revisited = 294
12.3.2 Listemes = 295
12.3.3 Unlisted morphological objects = 296
12.3.4 Syntactic objects and syntactic atoms = 297
12.4 The Character of Word-formation Rules = 302
12.4.1 Headedness of compounds = 303
12.4.2 The Right-hand Head Rule (RHR) = 311
12.4.3 Left-headed compounds = 315
12.4.4 Headless compounds = 319
12.5 Compounding and Derivation = 322
12.5.1 Cranberry words = 322
12.5.2 Neo-classical compounds = 323
12.6 Conclusion = 325
Glossary = 330
References = 335
Index of Languages = 346
Subject Index = 348
Author Index = 353
