CONTENTS
Introduction / Giulio Lepschy = xiii
Acknowledgements / Giulio Lepschy = xxi
Preface / Anna Morpurgo Davies = xxii
1 Historiography and institutions = 1
1.1 The first 'scientific' linguistics? = 1
1.1.1 A unitary Purpose? = 1
1.1.2 A monolithic subject? = 2
1.1.3 Institutional facts and historiographical assumptions = 3
1.2 Linguistics and academe = 3
1.2.1 University expansion = 4
1.2.2 The academic class = 5
1.2.3 Linguistics as a University discipline = 7
1.2.4 The first University chairs = 10
1.2.5 The linguistic periodicals = 11
1.2.6 Historical and comparative linguistics = 13
1.3 Historiography = 13
1.3.1 The creation of the fable convenue = 15
1.3.2 Continuity or break with the past? = 16
1.3.3 Specific features = 17
1.4 Conclusions = 19
2 The old and the new : data collection and data comparison = 24
2.1 Multiplicity of approaches = 24
2.2 A German survey : M. L. Loewe = 24
2.3 Voiney and the philosophical study of language = 26
2.4 Linguistics in France = 27
2.5 Linguistics in Britain = 28
5 Wilhelm von Humboldt, general linguistics and linguistic typology = 98
5.1 An embarassing thinker = 98
5.2 Life and works = 99
5.3 The path towards linguistics = 101
5.4 Linguistic diversity and Humboldt's working programme = 103
5.5 Aims and justification = 106
5.6 The main problems = 108
5.7 Humboldt and linguistic typology = 111
5.8 Linguistic relativism = 114
6 Comparative and historical grammar : Rask, Bopp and Grimm = 124
6.1 The 'new discipline' and the new technicism = 124
6.2 Rasmus Rask = 125
6.3 Franz Bopp = 129
6.3.1 Bopp's technical work = 130
6.3.2 Method and results = 131
6.3.3 Assumptions and cultural background = 133
6.3.4 Style and influence = 135
6.4 Jacob Grimm = 136
6.4 I Empiricism and historicism = 138
6.4.2 Linguistics, philology and the attacks against prescriptivism = 139
6.4.3 The origin of language as an empirical problem = 141
6.4.4 The technical discoveries and 'Grimm's Law' = 142
6.4.5 Ablaut and Umlaut = 144
7 Comparative studies and the diffusion of linguistics = 151
7.1 From individuals to schools = 151
7.1.1 The expansion of the discipline = 152
7.1.2 The new role of linguistics = 157
7.1.3 Converging trends : phonetics = 160
7.1.4 Historical linguistics and methodological awareness = 165
7.2 The model of Indo-European studies = 166
7.3 August Schleicher = 167
7.4 The reconstruction of Indo-European = 167
7.5 The linguistic family tree = 170
7.6 Sound laws = 171
7.7 Indo-European origins : cultural reconstruction = 174
7.8 Indo-European origins : grammatical forms = 176
7.9 The parent language : development and decay = 177
8 Theoretical discussions of the mid century = 190
8.1 Historiographical assumptions = 190
8.2 General works = 191
8.3 Schleicher's organicism = 196
8.3.1 Morphological description = 200
8.4 Steinthal and psychologism = 201
8.4.1 V$$\ddot o$$lkerpsychologie = 205
8.5 Whitney and language as an institution = 207
8.6 Linguistic typology and classification = 212
8.6.1 The 'morphological' classification = 213
8.6.2 The psychological approach = 215
8.6.3 Convergences and disagreements = 216
9 The neogrammarians and the new beginnings = 226
9.1 Successes and consolidation = 226
9.1.1 Diversity of approaches = 227
9.1.2 New developments and new directions = 228
9.2 The neogrammarian school = 229
9.2 I The explosion of the controversy = 230
9.2.2 Who were the neogramrnarians? = 233
9.2.3 The role of modem languages = 237
9.2.4 Indo-European : reconstruction and phonetic development = 239
9.2.4.1 Consonantal reconstruction : Verner's Law, the velars = 239
9.2.4.2 The reconstruction of the Indo- European vowels = 241
9.2.5 Empirical work and the regularity principle = 244
9.3 The neogrammarians and their theoretical work = 245
9.3.1 Paul's Prinzipienlehre = 246
9.3.2 The 'sound laws' debate = 251
9.3.3 The analogy debate = 255
9.3.4 Language change = 259
9.4 Reconstruction and history = 260
9.5 The programme and its outcome = 261
9.5.1 Language history and the causes of change = 263
9.5.2 The neogramrnarians and the earlier problems = 264
9.6 The neogfarnmarians' legacy = 267
10 The end of the century : general perspectives = 279
10.1 Development and fragmentation of the discipline = 279
10.2 The demise of typological classification = 282
10.3 Genealogical classification and the wave theory = 284
10.4 Hugo Schuchardt, language and dialect = 287
10.5 Linguistic core and linguistic periphery = 290
10.5.1 Linguistics, anthropology, ethnology, etc = 291
10.5.2 Linguistics and experimental psychology = 293
10.5.3 Linguistics and language teaching = 294
10.6 General and theoretical work = 296
10.6.1 Linguistic treatises and theoretical discussions = 297
10.7 Core linguistics = 300
10.7.1 Phonetics and phonology = 301
10.7.2 Phonemes and morphemes = 303
10.7.3 Syntax = 304
10.7.3.1 Points of convergence : formalism and psychologism = 306
10.7.3.2 Syntax and morphosyntax : John Ries = 310
10.7.4 The study of meaning = 311
10.7.4.1 The lexicon and lexicography = 314
10.7.4.2 The lexicon and etymology = 316
10.7.4.3 Semantic development and Wegener's view of speech acts = 318
10.7.4.4 Semantics and the French school : Michel Br$$\acute e$$al = 320
10.7.4.5 Convergences in the study of meaning = 323
10.8 Conclusions : the evolution of historical linguistics = 324
References = 340
Index = 410
